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Millimeter-wave solid-state cloud and precipitation radars and signal processing

机译：毫米波固态云降水雷达和信号处理

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Advances in millimeter wave solid-state power amplifier technology over the past decade have led to the development of a new generation of compact, lightweight cloud and precipitation radars. Solid-state power amplifiers (SSPAs) have lower peak power than traditional vacuum tube transmitters, but generally are capable of operating at much higher duty cycle. Taking advantage of the high duty cycle of SSPAs usually requires some signal processing and/or pulse compression technique to achieve similar sensitivity at comparable range resolution. FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) radars take full advantage of SSPAs capable of CW (continuous wave) operation, but the usual requirement for separate transmit and receive antennas is often impractical. Radars that combine a pulse compression waveform with a short pulse offset in frequency are now commonly used to operate at duty cycles as high as 10-20%. This paper reviews the latest solid-state millimeter wave radar designs, benefits, and limitations and describes operating modes and signal processing techniques that are especially well suited for single antenna operation. High PRF (pulse repetition frequency) operation using coherent power (single lag covariance) provides automatic noise cancellation without requiring explicit noise sampling. A novel phase coding technique employing Chu-codes with quadratically-increasing phase can be used to separate ambiguous signals when running at MHz-level PRFs. Weather data measured using the quadratic phase coding (QPC) technique with a solid-state Ka-band radar running at 3.1 MHz PRF is presented. This data was gathered at a transmitter duty cycle of approximately 50 percent and exhibits a 20 dB sensitivity improvement when compared to conventional short pulse data gathered at the same range resolution.
机译：在过去十年中毫米波固态功率放大器技术的进步导致开发新一代紧凑，轻巧云和降水雷达。固态功率放大器（SSPAS）具有比传统真空管发射器更低的峰值功率，但通常能够在更高的占空比下运行。利用SSPAS的高占空比通常需要一些信号处理和/或脉冲压缩技术，以实现相当范围分辨率的类似灵敏度。 FMCW（频率调制的连续波）雷达充分利用能够CW（连续波）操作的SSPAS，但是对单独的发射和接收天线的通常要求通常是不切实际的。将脉冲压缩波形与频率短脉冲偏移结合的雷达现在通常用于以高达10-20 \％的占空比运行。本文审查了最新的固态毫米波雷达设计，优势和局限性，并描述了特别适用于单天线操作的操作模式和信号处理技术。使用相干功率（单滞或脉冲重复频率）操作（单滞或延迟协方差）提供自动噪声消除，而无需明确的噪声采样。一种新的相位编码技术，采用二次增加阶段的CHU码，可以使用在MHz级PRF在MHz级运行时分离模糊的信号。呈现了使用具有在3.1MHz PRF的固态KA带雷达的二次相位编码（QPC）技术测量的天气数据。与传统的短脉冲数据相比，在大约50％的发射机占空比下聚集在大约50％的发射机占空比，并且与在相同的范围分辨率上聚集的传统短脉冲数据相比，呈现20dB的灵敏度改进。

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