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Performing Risk and Resilience Assessments of Urban Water Infrastructure and Developing Emergency Response Plans: Overview of the Process and Lessons Learned

机译：对城市水基础设施进行风险和恢复性评估，制定应急响应计划：概述的过程和经验教训

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The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 (Bioterrorism Act) required water utilities to perform vulnerability assessments (VA). Later, it became clear that the security focus of the VAs needed to be expanded to an "all-hazards" approach. Utility managers have expanded their thinking from looking only at the vulnerability of their systems to malevolent attacks to a more robust understanding of the risks their systems face from natural hazards, and "dependencies," such as utility power or key vendors and supply chains. America's Water Infrastructure Act (AWIA) of 2018 requires that all community water systems serving at least 3,300 people assess the risks to, and the resilience of, their drinking water systems. The AWIA requires that a risk and resilience assessment (RRA) must be conducted and aligned with an emergency response plan that incorporates the RRA findings. Water utility managers have long understood the concept of managing risk. While the concept of "resilience" has gained traction more recently, water utilities regularly take measures to anticipate interruption of water service, as well as providing solutions and pragmatic "workarounds" to restore service quickly. These are measures of resilience. The article details the authors' insights gained over various analyses focused on RRA of urban water infrastructure and lessons learned from this process. In addition, it also provides specifics of an "all-hazards" approach that includes cyber vulnerability of municipal water infrastructure. These lessons are applicable to other similar projects and studies, opening the door to new and ongoing discussions on vulnerabilities of municipal water infrastructure and their potential risk mitigation needs, leading to more effective policies and procedures.
机译：2002年公共卫生安全和生物恐怖主义准备和响应法案（生物恐怖主义法案）需要水公用事业漏洞评估（VA）。后来，很明显，VAS的安全焦点需要扩展到“全灾害”方法。公用事业管理人员将其思维扩大，仅仅查看他们的系统对恶意攻击的脆弱性，对他们的系统面临自然灾害的风险和“依赖性”，例如公用电力或关键供应商和供应链。美国的水资源基础设施（AWIA）为2018年要求所有社区水系统至少提供3300人，评估其饮用水系统的风险和弹性。 AWIA要求必须进行风险和恢复力评估（RRA）并与纳入RRA调查结果的应急响应计划进行调整。水实用管理人员长期以来一直了解管理风险的概念。虽然“恢复力”的概念最近获得了牵引力，但水利设施定期采取措施预测水资源的中断，以及提供迅速恢复服务的解决方案和务实的“替代方法”。这些是弹性的衡量标准。文章详细介绍了在各种分析中获得的作者的见解，专注于从该过程中学到的城市水基础设施和经验教训。此外，它还提供了包括市政水基础设施网络脆弱性的“全灾害”方法的具体细节。这些课程适用于其他类似的项目和研究，对市政水基础设施的脆弱性及其潜在风险缓解需求开辟大门，导致更有效的政策和程序。

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