The authors consider the synchronization at the frame level as well as at the chip level, in frequency hopping spread spectrum (FH-SS) receivers in order to maximize performance and minimize mutual interference in FH-SS systems. A sliding correlator is implemented for frame synchronization, which is also known as coarse synchronization or acquisition. A method is proposed to ensure fine synchronization (tracking) in the system. The principles of this method are presented and the resulting circuit is implemented and evaluated. The advantages compared to previous methods are the resulting circuits simplicity and performance. Although this circuit is implemented for MFSK (M-ary frequency shift keying), it can be used for an M-ary PSK (phase shift keying) signal since it is based principally on an energy detector.
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