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Experience Report: An Empirical Study of API Failures in OpenStack Cloud Environments

机译：经验报告：OpenStack云环境中API失败的实证研究

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Stories about service outages in cloud environments have been making the headlines recently. In many cases, the reliability of cloud infrastructure Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) were at fault. Hence, understanding the factors affecting the reliability of these APIs is important to improve the availability of cloud services. In this study, we mined bugs of 25 modules within the 5 most important OpenStack APIs to understand API failures and characteristics. Our results show that in OpenStack, only one third of all API-related changes are due to fixing failures, with 7% of all fixes even changing the API interface, potentially breaking clients. Through qualitative analysis of 230 sampled API failures we observed that the majority of API related failures are due to small programming faults. Fortunately, the subject, message and stack trace as well as reply lag between comments included in these failures' bug reports provide a good indication of the cause of the failure.
机译：关于云环境中服务中断的故事最近一直在制作头条新闻。在许多情况下，云基础架构应用程序编程接口（API）的可靠性在故障。因此，了解影响这些API的可靠性的因素对于改善云服务的可用性非常重要。在本研究中，我们在5个最重要的OpenStack API中开采了25个模块的错误，以了解API故障和特性。我们的结果表明，在OpenStack中，只有三分之一的所有与API相关的更改都是由于修复故障，甚至可以改变API接口，潜在地破坏客户端的7％。通过对230个采样API失败的定性分析，我们观察到大多数API相关的失败是由于小编程故障。幸运的是，这些故障中包含的注释之间的主题，消息和堆栈跟踪以及回复滞后提供了对失败原因的良好指示。

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