Serious soil erosion problems exist in China due to long term anthropologic activities and its erosion-pone land forms and climate. A diverse soil erosion types throughout the country are caused by forces from water, wind, gravity, water and wind mixture, freezing and glaciers. According to erosion forces, the entire continent has been categorized to eight regions including Northwestern Loess Plateau, Northeastern Black Earth Hills, Northern Earthy Rockies, Southern Red Earth Hills, Southwest Earthy Rockies, Southwest Carst Rockies, Debris Flow-Prone Region, Northwest Arid and Semi-arid Deserts, and Freeze Dominated Erosion Region. Systematic soil erosion control in China started in the 1980s. Focuses have been on eight key regions encompassing seven large river basins such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. A comprehensive soil erosion control system has been developed that integrates land planning and management, biological based methods, engineering based methods, agricultural cropping technology and law enforcement. Soil erosion control has been based on small watershed and implemented on a county level under a comprehensive planning framework for mountain, water and cropland ecosystems.
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