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Flight Test Results for Aerially Deployed Mars Balloons

机译：飞行测试结果空气部署的火星气球

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A joint JPL, NASA Wallops and Near Space Corporation team has conducted successful aerial deployment and inflation tests on full scale prototype balloons for Mars. These tests occurred in the Earth's stratosphere at an altitude of 31 km where the low atmospheric density is comparable to that found near the surface of Mars. Two different superpressure balloon prototypes were built and tested: one was a 10 m diameter sphere constructed from 12.7 micron thick Mylar film, the other was a 575 m~3 pumpkin balloon constructed from 13.2 micron thick polyethylene film and PBO (Zylon) tendons. Auxiliary carrier balloons were used in both flight tests to lift to the stratosphere flight trains consisting of a packaged Mars balloon payload and associated support systems. The technical focus was on the aerial deployment and inflation process which started when the payload was disconnected from the carrier balloon and commenced a descent while suspended below a parachute. This condition mimics the mission scenario at Mars where the balloon payload would experience a parachute descent after entry into the Martian atmosphere. Radio commands and pyrotechnic cable cutters and valves were used to sequence the experiment events consisting of balloon deployment from the storage container, inflation of the balloon by injecting helium gas and then detachment from the parachute and helium high pressure storage tanks. Upward and downward looking video cameras provided real time images from the experiments. Additional data was provided by onboard temperature, pressure and GPS sensors. The sphere balloon successfully deployed and inflated during its flight test. The subsequent pumpkin balloon flight successfully deployed but suffered from a parachute deployment problem that contributed to a structural failure of the balloon during the inflation process. In both cases, valuable data was obtained and lessons learned for improving the next generation of prototypes. The paper presents trajectory, thermodynamic, inflation and photographic data from the test flights as well as design details for the balloon and flight test experiment.
机译：联合JPL，美国宇航局堡垒和附近的航天公司团队在满足火星的全面原型气球上进行了成功的空中部署和通胀测试。这些测试在地球的平流层中发生在31公里的海拔高度，其中低气密密度与火星表面附近的相当相当。建造并测试了两种不同的超压气球原型：一个是由12.7微米厚的骨膜薄膜构建的10米直径的球体，另一个是13.2微米厚聚乙烯薄膜和PbO（Zylon）肌腱构成的575 m〜3南瓜球囊。在飞行试验中使用辅助载体气球以提升到平流层飞行列车，由封装的火星气球有效载荷和相关的支持系统组成。技术焦点是在空中部署和通胀过程中，当有效载荷与载体球囊断开时开始，并在悬浮在降落伞下方时开始下降。这个条件模仿火星在火星有效载荷将在进入火星氛围后遇到降落伞血统的使命场景。无线电指令和烟火电缆切割机和阀门用于将由存储容器的气球部署组成的实验事件，通过注入氦气然后从降落伞和氦高压储罐脱离来膨胀气球。向上和向下看的视频摄像机从实验提供实时图像。附加数据由板载温度，压力和GPS传感器提供。球体球囊在飞行试验期间成功部署和充气。随后的南瓜球囊飞行成功地部署但遭受降落伞部署问题，这导致了通货膨胀过程中气球的结构失败。在这两种情况下，获得了有价值的数据，并且了解了改善下一代原型的经验教训。本文介绍了测试航班的轨迹，热力学，通货膨胀和摄影数据以及气球和飞行试验实验的设计细节。

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