A simplified constitutive model called a Swinging Plane Model is presented for monotonic and cyclic soil response including liquefaction. This model is based on two mobilized planes: a plane of maximum shear stress, which swings, and a horizontal plane which is spatially fixed. By controlling two mobilized planes, the model can simulate the principal stress rotation effect associated with simple shear from different K_0 states, which can significantly influence soil behaviour. The proposed model gives a similar skeleton behaviour for soils having the same mean stress, regardless of K_0 conditions as observed in laboratory tests. The soil skeleton behaviour observed in cyclic drained simple shear tests, including compaction during unloading and dilation at large strain is captured in the model. Undrained monotonic and cyclic response is predicted by imposing the volumetric constraint of the water on the drained or skeleton behaviour. This constitutive model is incorporated into the dynamic coupled stress-flow finite difference program FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua). The model was first calibrated with drained monotonic and cyclic simple shear tests on Fra-ser River sand, and verified by comparing predicted and measured undrained monotonic and cyclic behaviour of Fraser River sand.
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机译：提出了一种称为摆动平面模型的简化本构模型，用于单调和循环土壤反应，包括液化。该模型基于两个动员的平面：最大剪切应力的平面，其在空间固定的摇摆和水平面。通过控制两个动员平面，模型可以模拟与不同K_0状态的简单剪切相关的主应力旋转效果，这可以显着影响土壤行为。所提出的模型给出了具有相同平均胁迫的土壤的类似骨架行为，无论在实验室测试中观察到的K_0条件。在模型中捕获了在循环排出的简单剪切试验中观察到的土壤骨架行为，包括在卸载期间的压实和在大应变下进行扩张。通过将水的体积约束施加在排水或骨架行为上来预测不统一的单调和循环响应。该本结构型模型被纳入动态耦合应力流动有限差分计划FLAC（Continua的快速拉格朗日分析）。该模型首先在Fra-Ser River Sand上用排水的单调和循环简易剪切试验校准，并通过比较弗雷泽河砂的预测和测量的未经调节的单调和循环行为来验证。
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