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首页> 外文会议>EAEC European automotive congress >EVOLUTION OF FRONT CAR OCCUPANTS INJURIES IN FRONTAL IMPACTS CONSIDERING THE IMPROVEMENTS OF PASSIVE SAFETY TECHNOLOGIES
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EVOLUTION OF FRONT CAR OCCUPANTS INJURIES IN FRONTAL IMPACTS CONSIDERING THE IMPROVEMENTS OF PASSIVE SAFETY TECHNOLOGIES

机译：正面冲击的前车占用者的演变考虑了被动安全技术的改进

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The Laboratory of Accidentology, Biomechanics and studies of Human Behavior PSA RENAULT (LAB, F) have been carrying out road accident studies for 40 years. It now owns a database including 15,500 inspected cars corresponding to 28,000 occupants with 73,000 detailed injuries. During the last forty years, this accident data collection has helped the French car manufacturers to provide a better protection to the car occupants involved in a collision. This paper aims at showing the interest of the follow-up of car fatalities causations coupled with long term studies in Biomechanics. For this purpose, it presents, as an example, the chronological evolution of the improvements in passive safety technologies since the 80’s and their effectiveness assessed in terms of injuries reduction for the front car occupants involved in frontal impacts. In 1980, 12,510 persons died on French roads. Among these fatalities, more than a half were car occupants. Among them 47% died in a frontal collision: all body regions were highly vulnerable, i.e. sustained serious or fatal injuries. Road traffic fatalities dramatically decreased over the last three decades to reach the number of 3,994 fatalities in 2010. Accident analysis shows that the light structures of cars built in the 80’s had to be made stiffer to provide front car occupants with a better protection in frontal impacts. Subsequently, in the beginning of the nineties, the tendency was in the stiffening of the structure of cars. A significant decrease of the head and neck injury risks was then observed due to the release of head airbags for the drivers (in France) at the same period. The tendency was reversed for the thorax and abdomen creating a real challenge for car manufacturers. In fact, vehicle stiffness maintained high decelerations applied by the seatbelt to the thorax of the front car occupants in frontal impacts and seat structures collapsed and increased abdominal injuries due to submarining. This issue was partially addressed by car manufacturers in the last nineties by the introduction of load limiters and stronger front seat stiffness. In the years 2000, the car were beneficing of stiffer front structure elements in conjunction with the implementation of improved frontal airbags and new load limiters coupled with new generations of seatbelt pretensioners. Passive safety was then thought through a comprehensive concept. All body regions have directly benefited from these last improvements: serious injuries and fatal risks have considerably decreased. Thanks to the passive safety technologies (among others) fatal and serious injury rate of the belted front occupants in frontal impacts was divided by half over the last three decades.
机译：人类行为遗传学实验室，生物力学与研究人体行为雷诺（LAB，F）一直在进行40年的道路事故研究。它现在拥有一个数据库，包括15,500所检查的汽车，对应28,000名占用者，患有73,000名伤害。在过去的四十年中，这次事故数据收集有助于法国汽车制造商对碰撞所涉及的汽车乘客提供更好的保护。本文旨在表现出汽车死亡率随访的兴趣，这些原因与生物力学的长期研究相结合。为此目的，它作为一个例子，作为一个例子，自80年代以来被动安全技术的改善的时间顺序演变及其在减少前车乘员的伤害方面评估的有效性。 1980年，12,510人在法国道路上死亡。在这些死亡之中，超过一半是汽车占用者。其中47％的前碰撞死亡：所有身体区域都非常脆弱，即持续严重或致命的伤害。道路交通死亡人数急剧下降，在过去的三十年，以达到在2010年事故分析显示3,994人死亡的数字，建于80年代汽车的轻型结构必须作出更严厉的提供前车乘员在正面碰撞更好的保护。随后，在九十年代的开始，趋势是汽车结构的加强。然后观察到头部和颈部损伤风险的显着降低，因为在同一时期的驾驶员（法国）的头部安全气囊释放出来。胸部和腹部逆转趋势为汽车制造商创造了真正的挑战。事实上，车辆僵硬保持了由安全带施加到正面冲击的前车乘员的胸部的高减速，并且由于潜艇而增加腹部损伤。通过引入负载限制器和更强的前座椅刚度，汽车制造商在最后九十年代中部分地解决了这个问题。在2000年的2000年中，随着改进的正面安全气囊和新负载限制器的实施，汽车的利益与改进的前置载体限制器相结合，并加上新的安全带预紧器。通过全面的概念思考被动安全。所有身体地区直接受益于这些最后改进：严重伤害和致命风险大幅下降。由于主动安全技术（其中）致命和严重的腰带前乘客的伤害率在过去三十年的过去三十年中被划分了一半。

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