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The History of Veterinary Ethics in Britain, ca. 1870-2000

机译：英国，加利福尼亚州的兽医伦理史。 1870-2000

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This paper examines the history of veterinary ethics in Britain over the period 1870-2000. It lays aside present-day normative conceptions of veterinary ethics in order to understand how veterinarians in the past perceived this issue and the social, economic and political factors that influenced their thinking. This analysis reveals the changing nature and scope of veterinary ethics. Prior to 1948, when anyone could legally practice veterinary surgery, veterinarians argued that treating animals ethically meant placing them under veterinary care: The interests of the veterinarian, owner, animal and society were best served by ensuring full veterinary discretion in treatment. The state acknowledged this claim with the passage of the 1948 Veterinary Surgeons Act, which restricted the practice of veterinary surgery to qualified veterinarians. Veterinary ethical priorities then shifted to professional conduct. However, later in the century, as the social and economic climate grew more hostile to professional power and privileges, and animal welfare moved up the political agenda, veterinarians began to recognise potential conflicts in interest between animals, owners, society and the profession, and to navigate them using new forms of ethical thinking.No longer concerned with extending their power to treat animals, they focussed on the appropriate exercise of that power within the clinical encounter. Previously regarded as a matter of individual clinical freedom, how veterinarians treated animals became an ethical problem that attracted both professional and public concern.
机译：本文在1870 - 2000年期间探讨了英国兽医伦理的历史。它撇开兽医伦理的当今规范概念，以了解过去的兽医在这种问题中如何以及影响他们思维的社会，经济和政治因素。该分析揭示了兽医道德的性质和范围的变化。在1948年之前，当任何人可以合法地练习兽医手术时，兽医争辩说，在道德上，将动物视为兽医护理：兽医，所有者，动物和社会的利益是最好的，通过确保完全兽医酌情决定治疗。国家通过1948年的兽医行为通过了这一索赔，限制了兽医手术的做法，以便合格到合格的兽医。兽医道德优先事项随后转移到专业行为。然而，由于社会和经济气候在专业的权力和特权方面变得更加敌视的，动物福利升高了政治议程，兽医开始认识到动物，业主，社会和专业之间的潜在冲突，以及使用新的形式的道德思想导航它们。没有更长的关注延长他们的权力来治疗动物，他们专注于在临床遭遇中的适当行使该电力。以前认为是个体临床自由的问题，兽医治疗的动物如何成为一种引起专业和公众关注的道德问题。

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