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Geographic Information System for Land Acquisition Process: A Social Need for Road Infrastructure Development in India

机译：土地征集过程地理信息系统：印度道路基础设施发展的社会需求

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India is a developing country and it requires fast space quality infrastructure development, which is the need of current times. For any development, land is required and the land belongs to the people. Government is acquiring land for public purpose for the development of National Highways through National Highway Act of India 1956. Acquisition of land for public purpose displaces people, forcing them to give up their home, assets and means of livelihood. The Government of India (GoI) recognizes the need to minimize large scale displacement to the extent possible and, where displacement is inevitable, the need to handle with utmost care and forethought issues relating to Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) of Project Affected Families (PAF) and formulate R&R Policies (NRRP 2007). But the ground reality differs from R&R policy. For assessment of land details are recorded in a system which is more than two hundred years old. This conventional system is not fulfilling the changing demands of time and ground truthing of space. The upcoming technologies such as Geographical Information System (GIS), data warehousing and web based information dissemination shall be very much helpful in land records management for decision making, strategy planning and predictive modeling. The use of these technological leverages can make land records management efficiently. Since time immemorial, it has been a constant endeavour of human being to pursue various aspects of life with ease. In the present era of high-end computing, this endeavour of simplifying things is well achieved by an effective tool like GIS, when applied to, as complicated a process as land acquisition. Unlike the conventional procedure of simultaneous handling of various maps such as village cloth maps, engineering drawings and Layout plans etc., which are of different scale, GIS helps to prepare the maps and peruse the maps of multiple types at the same instance through registration of geographic coordinates. The concept of layer mechanism and subsequent superimposition one above the other is used so as to store both non-spatial and spatial data in different thematic layers. GIS technique has determined a fair and accurate location of linear alignment of proposed road corridor from current highways and to manage cadastral information which has to be obtained by satellite imagery, land records, Physical survey and land parcel creation more proactively by Overlay Analysis in accordance with name of the village and plot number basis. For the planners this entire process is made available at fingertips at the Personal Computers (PCs) without unfolding the age old cloth maps. The major hindrance in acquisition is calculation of proposed required area from a specific parcel or environmental sensitive areas, defense lands, alteration of topography etc. Through this approach an effort is made to analyse the various causes of mismatch between the map area and the old-recorded area and also the present manual system of superimposition of maps. In this context this paper describes a proposed automated process of land acquisition through Geographic Information System there by reducing the malpractice of resettlement and rehabilitation issues particularly in road development project in India.
机译：印度是一个发展中国家，需要快速的空间质量基础设施发展，这是当前时间的需求。对于任何发展，土地是必需的，土地属于人民。政府正在收购土地，以便通过1956年印度国家公路法国的国家公路发展的公共目的。收购土地用于公共用途取代人民，强迫他们放弃他们的家，资产和生计手段。印度政府（GOI）认识到需要尽可能最大限度地减少大规模流离失所，而流离失所是不可避免的，需要处理与受影响家庭的项目重新安置和康复（R＆R）处理有关的问题（PAF ）并制定R＆R政策（NRRP 2007）。但地面现实与R＆R政策不同。对于土地细节的评估记录在超过两百百年的系统中。该传统系统不满足空间的时间和地面的不断变化。即将到来的技术，如地理信息系统（GIS），数据仓库和基于Web的信息传播，对决策，战略规划和预测建模的土地记录管理非常有用。这些技术利用的使用可以有效地使土地记录管理。自古以来说以来，一直努力努力轻松地追求生命的各个方面。在本期高端计算的时代，简化事物的努力通过像GIS所施加的有效工具，如陆地采集的过程一样复杂。与传统程序同时处理各种地图，例如村布地图，工程图纸和布局计划等，这是不同的规模，GIS通过登记来准备地图并仔细阅读多种类型的地图地理坐标。将层机构和后续叠加的概念用于另一个之上的概念，以便在不同专题层中存储非空间和空间数据。 GIS技术已经确定了来自当前高速公路的拟议道路走廊的线性对齐的公平和准确的位置，并通过覆盖分析，通过卫星图像，土地记录，物理调查和土地包裹创建的尸体信息来管理尸体信息。村庄的名称和绘图号。对于规划者，这整个过程是在个人电脑（PC）的指尖下提供，而无需展开历史旧布地图。收购的主要障碍是从特定包裹或环境敏感区域，国防土地，地形等的改变的拟议所需区域的计算通过这种方法，努力分析地图区域与旧的各种不匹配的原因。录制的区域，也是目前的叠加地图的手动系统。在这方面，本文通过在印度公路开发项目中减少移民安置和康复问题的弊端，通过地理信息系统介绍了通过地理信息系统的拟议自动化过程。

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