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首页> 外文会议>Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments >Off Earth Landing and Launch Pad Construction-A Critical Technology for Establishing a Long-Term Presence on Extraterrestrial Surfaces
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Off Earth Landing and Launch Pad Construction-A Critical Technology for Establishing a Long-Term Presence on Extraterrestrial Surfaces

机译：离地着陆和发射台建造——在地外表面建立长期存在的关键技术

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In 2017, Space Policy Directive-1 was issued to ensure that "the United States will lead the return of humans to the Moon for long-term exploration and utilization" and engage the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the national effort. A long-term presence on the Moon will require numerous lunar landings and launches to build up surface assets, rotate crew, and deliver logistics supplies to/from the Moon. Interactions between landing/launch rocket engine plumes and the unprepared lunar surface will lead to erosion and ejection of regolith particles at high velocities from beneath the vehicle. The associated ejecta elevates mission risks by: obscuring sensors and human vision during landing via lofted dust; cratering/modifying the surface that the vehicle will land upon; and subjecting the vehicle, surrounding assets, and potentially orbital assets to impacts and contamination from high-velocity dust particles. The construction of a reusable landing/launch pad infrastructure is a method to mitigate such risks. A landing/launch pad system can provide a known, benign and reliable landing/launch surface, minimize regolith ejecta, and protect surrounding assets from liberated particles. Associated blast barriers can provide protection in case of a landing/launch catastrophic anomaly. This paper summarizes previous work towards construction of off-Earth landing/launch pad infrastructure and begins to identify key technology gaps. Additionally, this paper establishes metrics for comparison of pad construction technologies to guide future trade studies. The overall objective of this paper is to baseline the state of the art of off-Earth landing/launch pad construction technologies and serve as the starting point for further technical development.
机译：2017年，发布了空间政策指令-1，以确保“美国将领导人类重返月球进行长期探索和利用”，并让美国国家航空航天局（NASA）参与国家努力。在月球上的长期存在将需要多次登月和发射，以建立表面资产、轮换船员，并向月球运送物流物资。着陆/发射火箭发动机羽流与未做好准备的月球表面之间的相互作用将导致风化层粒子以高速从飞行器下方侵蚀和喷射。相关的弹射物通过以下方式提高了任务风险：在着陆过程中通过浮尘遮蔽传感器和人类视觉；在车辆将要着陆的表面形成凹坑/修改表面；以及使飞行器、周围资产和潜在的轨道资产受到高速尘埃粒子的冲击和污染。建造可重复使用的着陆/发射台基础设施是缓解此类风险的一种方法。着陆/发射台系统可以提供已知、良性和可靠的着陆/发射表面，最大限度地减少表土喷出物，并保护周围资产不受释放颗粒物的影响。相关爆炸屏障可在着陆/发射灾难性异常情况下提供保护。本文总结了以往在建造离地着陆/发射台基础设施方面的工作，并开始确定关键技术差距。此外，本文还建立了pad施工技术的比较指标，以指导未来的权衡研究。本文的总体目标是确定离地着陆/发射台建造技术的最新水平，并作为进一步技术开发的起点。

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