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CICERO: developing complex distributed control systems using object technology

机译：Cicero：使用对象技术开发复杂的分布式控制系统

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Modem High Energy Physics (HEP) experiment and accelerators in nuclear physics at the CERN laboratories in Geneva require sophisticated control and management systems to ensure their safe operation and performance. All management activities related to the acquisition, supervision and operation of the experiment or accelerator are part of the control information system. It gathers slowly changing parameter information which is used for experimental set-up safety, system calibration, system configuration and operational maintenance of low level automation loops. These control information systems are a non-negligible part of an HEP experiment and are estimated to be about 10% of the cost of the data acquisition system. The increased number of sensors required (about 96000 in the present DELPHI experiment), together with the complexity of sensor and instrument subsystems in many cases with their own local management systems have forced physicists and engineers to reconsider the organisation of HEP experiments. The wide physical distribution and heterogeneity of both control and management subsystems has led to a situation where integration and communication between these components has become an issue. The operation of these distributed control systems has highlighted a contradiction: on the one hand a lot of sensors are needed to improve reliability, and an the other, the induced complexity makes the system difficult to operate, upgrade and maintain and thus less reliable. Consequently a substantial amount of manpower and many experts are needed even for basic interventions, since the overall view of the experimental state is difficult to grasp for the physicists and operators on shift. It is predicted that the next generation of experiments being constructed for the Large Hadron Collider will increase the complexity by an order of magnitude. The CERN Research and Development project (RD-38), named CICERO, aims to identify and design the main building blocks of a generic control information system based on distributed objects. The project is producing an integrating framework (named Cortex) into which user real-time control objects will be plugged (and played) and a control information system to support its configuration and management. Development of Cortex is following the ESA PSS-05-02 software engineering standards. An overview of the CICERO project follows and then the remaining part of the paper concentrates on Cortex which provides the collaborative infrastructure for distributed components.
机译：Modem高能量物理（HEP）日内瓦的Cern Labories核物理中的实验和加速器需要复杂的控制和管理系统，以确保其安全运行和性能。与实验或加速器的收购，监督和运营有关的所有管理活动都是控制信息系统的一部分。它会收集慢慢改变参数信息，用于实验设置安全，系统校准，系统配置和低级自动化环路的操作维护。这些控制信息系统是HEP实验的不可忽略的部分，并且估计为数据采集系统成本的约10％。所需的传感器数量增加（目前的Delphi实验中的约96000），以及传感器和仪器子系统的复杂性在许多情况下，他们自己的本地管理系统迫使物理学家和工程师重新考虑HEP实验的组织。控制和管理子系统的广泛物理分布和异质性导致了这些组件之间集成和通信已成为问题的情况。这些分布式控制系统的操作突出显示了一个矛盾：一方面，需要大量传感器来提高可靠性，另一方面，诱导的复杂性使得系统难以操作，升级和维护，从而不那么可靠。因此，即使是基本干预措施，需要大量的人力和许多专家，因为实验状态的整体观点很难掌握物理学家和运营商转变。据预测，为大型强子撞机构造的下一代实验将通过幅度阶数提高复杂性。 CERN研究和开发项目（RD-38）命名为CICERO，旨在识别和设计基于分布式对象的通用控制信息系统的主构件块。该项目正在制作一个集成框架（命名Cortex），将插入用户实时控制对象（以及播放）和控制信息系统以支持其配置和管理。皮质的开发是遵循ESA PSS-05-02软件工程标准。以下内阁项目概述，然后纸张集中在皮层上的剩余部分，为分布式组件提供了协作基础设施。

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