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Hydroplaning, Wet Traction, and Wet Braking Simulation using CFD

机译：使用CFD的水渗透，湿牵引和湿式制动模拟

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Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been employed to simulate tire hydroplaning, wet traction, and wet braking. In the simulation, three-dimensional, unsteady, viscous, and turbulent flows are modeled using a finite volume method. These simulations are conducted to evaluate only the tire tread geometry effect whereas hydroplaning and wet traction are complex phenomena caused by tread design, compound, and road surface roughness. In a hydroplaning simulation, hydrodynamic force called lift force is obtained on thick water layer. Lift force is generated as tread blocks move in downward motion resulting in a squeezing action of water. A moving boundary condition allows the calculation to initiate a squeeze motion onto the water film. For a wet traction simulation, shear stress generated by a rotational motion of a tire and a viscous effect of water between a tire surface and a road pavement are calculated. At different speeds shear stresses for a tire are computed. Then, the slope of these coefficients is found and used as an indicator of the general wet traction performance and the effect of a tire tread. A wet braking model simulates a locked tire skidding motion on a thin wet pavement. In this simulation, a multi-phase flow mixed with water and air has been developed to simulate the resultant pressure around the tire for a braking motion. The simulation results are compared with experimental data obtained in a proving ground. The correlation between calculations and measurements show very reasonable R-square values. Also, the wet braking simulation results are compared with experimental one and show very good agreement.
机译：已经采用了计算流体动力学（CFD）来模拟轮胎水合，湿牵引和湿式制动。在模拟中，使用有限体积法建模三维，不稳定，粘性和湍流流动。进行这些模拟以评估轮胎胎面几何效果，而水渗透和湿牵引是由胎面设计，化合物和路面粗糙度引起的复杂现象。在水镀模拟中，在厚水层上获得称升力的流体动力学力。产生升力作为胎面块以向下运动移动导致水的挤压作用。移动边界条件允许计算将挤压运动引发到水膜上。为了湿牵引模拟，计算轮胎旋转运动产生的剪切应力和轮胎表面和道路路面之间的水之间的粘性效果。在不同的速度下，计算轮胎的剪切应力。然后，发现这些系数的斜率并用作一般湿牵引性能的指示剂和轮胎胎面的效果。湿式制动模型模拟薄湿路面上的锁定轮胎打滑运动。在该模拟中，已经开发出与水和空气混合的多相流动以模拟轮胎周围的所得压力以进行制动运动。将仿真结果与在经过证明地面获得的实验数据进行比较。计算和测量之间的相关性显示出非常合理的R-Square值。此外，将湿式制动模拟结果与实验性展示进行比较并显示非常良好的一致性。

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