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Fundamental Investigations of Nanoparticle Production by Stirred Media Milling

机译：搅拌介质研磨纳米粒子生产的基本研究

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Nanotechnology applications in the pharmaceutical, materials, and chemical industries has renewed interest in the use of wet grinding in stirred media mills for the production of colloidal and nanoparticles. However, challenges arise in the production of sub-micron particles that are, in part, due to colloidal surface forces influencing slurry stability and rheology. As often observed in the literature, a lower bound of 1 μm is often reached despite high energy inputs and aggressive milling conditions. Furthermore, the product agglomerate size can even increase with increases in energy input, a seemingly counterintuitive result that may be attributed to aggregation of fine particles during the comminution process. In this work we postulate that colloidal stability and rheology must be considered in wet grinding to understand these results and to surmount limitations on the production of nano-sized particles. Experiments are performed on a well-characterized, model system of monodisperse primary nanoparticles that are destabilized and aggregated under various milling conditions. Conditions spanning Brownian to turbulent collision aggregation in model stirred media mills are explored to study the effects of colloidal stability on the aggregation process. The agglomeration kinetics are measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS) as a function of particle and electrolyte concentrations. Further information on the agglomeration process and the structure of the agglomerates are also obtained from small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments. Theoretical predictions based on independently measured particle and solution properties as well as mill characteristics are compared against the experimental results to demonstrate that particle aggregation kinetics in a stirred media mill can be controlled through the colloidal interactions and the milling conditions. This research provides a theoretical basis for understanding stirred media milling of nanoparticle slurries and as such, is a step towards a predictive model of sub-micron stirred media milling.
机译：在制药，材料和化学工业中的纳米技术应用在搅拌介质磨机中使用湿法研磨的兴趣了解，用于生产胶体和纳米粒子。然而，由于影响淤浆稳定性和流变学的胶体表面力，亚微米颗粒产生挑战在亚微米颗粒中产生。尽管在文献中经常观察到，尽管能量输入和积极的研磨条件，通常达到1μm的下限。此外，产品聚集尺寸甚至可以随能量输入的增加而增加，这是一个看似的逆行结果，其可能归因于在粉碎过程中的细颗粒的聚集。在这项工作中，我们假设在湿法研磨中必须考虑胶体稳定性和流变学，以了解这些结果并超越纳米尺寸颗粒的产生限制。实验是在特征的，在各种研磨条件下不稳定和聚集的单分散初级纳米颗粒的良好的模型系统上进行。探讨了跨越布朗到湍流碰撞聚集的条件，探讨了胶体稳定性对聚集过程的影响。使用动态光散射（DLS）测量附聚动力学作为颗粒和电解质浓度的函数。还从小角度中子散射（SAN）实验中获得有关附聚过程和附聚物结构的进一步信息。基于独立测量的颗粒和溶液性能以及研磨机特性的理论预测与实验结果进行比较，以证明搅拌介质研磨中的颗粒聚集动力学可以通过胶体相互作用和研磨条件来控制。本研究提供了理解搅拌介质铣削纳米颗粒浆料的理论基础，因此是朝向亚微米搅拌介质研磨的预测模型的步骤。

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