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Economic Impacts of Hybrid Rice in the Philippines

机译：菲律宾杂交稻的经济影响

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This study analyzed the differences in farm management practices, productivity, and profitability between hybrid and inbred rice cultivation. Data were gathered from five major rice - producing provinces, which include Nueva Ecija, Isabela, Iloilo, Davao del Sur and Davao del Norte, from 2002 wet season (WS) to 2004 dry season (DS). A total of 805 and 991 hybrid and inbred rice producers were surveyed using stratified random sampling. Farm budget, production and cost function analyses were employed to analyze the data. Regression results showed that hybrid rice yield is higher by 8 percent than inbred rice yield. Results also showed that hybrid rice faces higher price in the market in comparison with its inbred counterpart. This led to higher gross income from hybrid rice farming. However, the hybrid rice cost of production per hectare is significantly higher due to higher seed, fertilizer, pesticide and hired labor cost. Though hybrid rice production entails larger cost per hectare, hybrid rice cost per unit had declined significantly relative to that of inbred from significantly higher in 2002 WS to significantly lower in 2004 DS. This resulted in higher net income from hybrid rice cultivation, which was more pronounced during dry season. Outcomes of the analysis also showed considerable returns to additional farm investments when using hybrid rice. In addition, empirical results of production function estimation showed that hybrid rice production was more technically efficient on the average by 4 percent than the inbred. Stochastic cost function estimation, however, revealed that inbred rice producers are more cost efficient by 3 percent than hybrid rice cultivators. Differences in farm practices between hybrid and inbred rice cultivators were also observed. Specifically, lower seeding rates, improved seedling management and crop establishment methods were observed among hybrid rice cultivators.
机译：本研究分析了农业管理实践，生产力和杂交水稻培养之间的农业管理实践，生产力和盈利的差异。从五大大米生产省份收集了数据，其中包括Nueva Ecija，Isabela，Iloilo，Davao del Sur和Davao del Norte，从2002年湿季（WS）到2004年旱季（DS）。使用分层随机抽样进行调查805和991个杂种和近交水稻生产商。采用农场预算，生产和成本函数分析来分析数据。回归结果表明，杂交水稻产量比近红细胞产量高8％。结果还表明，与其近交对手相比，杂交水稻面临着较高的价格。这导致了杂交水稻农业的总收入。然而，由于种子，肥料，农药和雇用的劳动力成本更高，每公顷的每公顷的产量的杂交水稻成本明显更高。虽然杂交水稻生产需要更大的每公顷成本，但每单位的杂交水稻成本相对于2002年在2004年的2002年的显着更高的情况下显着下降。这导致杂交水稻栽培的净收入较高，在旱季期间更加明显。分析结果也表现出在使用杂种米饭时额外的农场投资的额外收益。此外，生产函数估计的经验结果表明，杂交水稻产量比近交的平均技术效率更高。然而，随机成本函数估计显示，比杂交水稻栽培者的近交水稻生产商比杂交水稻栽培者更具成本效率。还观察到杂种和近红细胞水稻栽培植物之间的农业实践差异。具体而言，在杂交水稻栽培员中观察到较低的播种率，改善幼苗管理和作物建立方法。

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