Cost-effective electricity is critical to the economy of the U.S. Electricity generation via burning of fossil fuels is the current status quo in the utility industry. However to alleviate the impact on the environment and pollution from carbon emissions, it will be necessary to implement renewable energy that is critical to our future clean environment. Electricity generation from renewables must significantly rely on energy storage technologies. Storage is important potential option to increase reliability and could reduce the long-term cost of electricity. For utilities, system operators and end users, it may be especially important asset to flexibly adjust to solar and wind variable generation. Finally energy storage may also be a tool to improve asset utilization at the distribution level, and if it can be produced at a very low cost, it can be used for diurnal energy arbitrage.
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