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Obesity and disability

机译：肥胖和残疾

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The prevalence of obesity has been increasing for over a century (18) and substantially in the past several decades (31), affecting 300 millions people worldwide (50). In the developed countries, obesity is the fifth most serious risk factor for disability-adjusted life years (51). In Italy, the prevalence of obesity has increased from 8.5% in 2002 to 10.2% in 2006 (21). The functional consequences of this conditions are only recently beginning to be unveiled. Basic activities (17, 19, 24, 25, 48), raising from a chair, lifting an object (25, 28, 39, 51), walking or carrying bags (25, 41, 45, 48, 52), and occupational tasks (8, 13, 25, 38, 44, 49, 52) have recently been shown to be impaired. The spine shows a limited flexibility and increased dorsal stiffness (26, 29). Hips also show a reduced range of motion and are frequently affected by early degenerative phenomena (29, 39, 45). Posture is affected linearly with the increase of BMI (20, 28), similar to what occurs in later stages of pregnancy (16): the center of gravity shifts forward, the lumbar lordosis increases together with the pelvic forward tilt, the dorsal kyphosis and a secondary cervical lordosis become more pronounced (9, 11, 20, 43). Obesity seems therefore linked to reduced balance and increased risk of falling (6, 11). Despite greater muscle mass, obese subjects are significantly weaker than normal-weight subjects (5).
机译：肥胖的患病率超过了一个世纪（18），大大数十年（31），影响了300万人（50）。在发达国家，肥胖是残疾人调整生活年份（51）的第五个最严重的危险因素。在意大利，肥胖的患病率从2002年的8.5％增加到2006年的10.2％（21）。此条件的功能后果最近仅开始揭幕。基本活动（17,19,24,25,48），从椅子上提升，抬起物体（25,28,39,51），行走或携带袋（25,41,45,48,52）和职业最近被证明损害了任务（8,13,25,38,44,49,52）。脊柱显示有限的灵活性和增加的背刚度（26,29）。臀部还显示出减少的运动范围，经常受早期退行性现象的影响（29,39,45）。姿势随着BMI（20,28）的增加而被线性的影响，类似于怀孕的后期阶段（16）的阶段（16）中的发生（16）：重心向前移动，腰椎病变随着骨盆前向倾斜，背脊骨瓣和二次颈椎病变变得更加明显（9,11,20,43）。因此，肥胖似乎与减少平衡和下降风险增加（6,11）。尽管肌肉质量较大，但肥胖受试者明显弱于正常重量（5）。

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