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首页> 外文会议>International congress on animal hygiene >Compost and Fermentation Residues Used as Litter Materials in Dairy Farming
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Compost and Fermentation Residues Used as Litter Materials in Dairy Farming

机译：堆肥和发酵残留物用作奶牛养殖的垃圾材料

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In dairy farming,litter materials have an essential influence on health and production performance of animals and therefore,on the quality of the comestible milk.As straw has recently become an essential cost factor in dairy farming,alternative options are in demand.In this study,selected materials were tested for their hygienic-microbiological quality,i.e.compost barns,litter materials from dry fermentation residues as well as composted fermentation residues,composted garden and forest waste.Representative collected composite saruples from the litter ruaterials are taken from comruercial farms.From compost barns 20 collected composite samples (10 from surface and 10 in a depth of 40 cm)were taken.From fermentation residues five collected composite samples of the fresh material and five of the dry material were analyzed.These materials were not used as bedding material at the time-point of sampling.From composted fermentation residues five representative samples were taken froru the cubicals equally from composted garden and forest waste.In addition,three collected composite samples were tested from this fresh compost material.All samples were quantitatively tested for coliform bacteria,enterococci,salmonellae,streptococci and staphylococci.Investigated materials showed varying results.The average bacterial numbers for E.coli and coliform bacteria in compost ranged between 10' and 106 CFU/g,respectively.In fermentation residues the numbers were considerable lower.In fresh material coliform bacteria were below the limit of detection and in dry material below l.44 CFU/g.In used bedding material enterococci were verified in average between 103 and 105 CFU/g.In comparison,IO'CFU per gram of enterococci were found in fresh fermentation residues and 104 CFU per gram in dry fermentation residues.Salmonellae were not found in any samples.There were only a sporadically appearance of streptococci and staphylococci.In summary,the content of E.coli and enterococci was quite high in all compost material.Therefore,this material can be recommended in a limited way as litter material.The variation of the results might be due to the sampling scheme since contamination with anirual's excrements could not be avoided.
机译：在乳制品养殖中，垃圾材料对动物的健康和生产性能产生了重要影响，因此，在可食牛奶的质量上。秸秆最近成为乳制品养殖的重要成本因素，替代方案都在需求。这项研究，测试所选材料的卫生微生物质量，IeCompost谷仓，来自干发酵残留物的垃圾材料以及堆肥的发酵残留物，堆肥庭院和森林废物。来自垃圾造物的重复收集的复合苏格拉斯来自Comrcercial Farms.from培养堆肥谷仓20收集的复合样品（从表面和深度为40cm的10）。从发酵残余物中，分析了五种收集的新鲜材料和五种干燥材料的复合物样品。这些材料不用作床上用品在取样的时间点。从堆肥的发酵残留物中，将五个代表性样品进行Froru The Cu从堆肥庭院和森林垃圾等方面的Bicals。此外，从该新鲜堆肥物质测试了三个收集的复合样品。所有样品对大肠菌菌，肠球菌，沙梅利动物，链球菌和葡萄球菌定量测试了样品。异常的材料显示出不同的结果。平均细菌堆肥中的大肠杆菌和大肠杆菌的数量分别为10'和106 cfu / g。在发酵残留物中，这些数量相当低。新鲜的材料大圆形细菌低于检测的极限和低于L.44以下的干燥材料。 CFU / G.在使用的床上用品肠球菌平均验证了103和105 CFU / G.IN比较，在新鲜发酵残留物中发现了每克肠道细胞的IO'CFU，每克干发酵残余物104 CFU.Salmonellae不是在任何样品中发现。只有偶像外观的链球菌和葡萄球菌。摘要，大肠杆菌和肠球菌的含量相当起见H在所有堆肥材料中。因此，可以以有限的方式推荐这种材料作为垃圾材料。结果的变化可能是由于采样方案，因为无法避免具有隐形漏矿的污染。

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