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Risk Assessment of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Transfer after Manure Land Application:A Review of the Main Influencing Parameters

机译:粪便土地施用后氮素和磷转移的风险评估:对主要影响参数的综述

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The two major pathways of N and P loss from a plot of land receiving manure to water resources are leaching and runoff.The risks of contamination of surface water by runoff are associated to the sensitivity of the plot to runoff and N,P availability/mobility during runoff which depends on the rate of manure applied,climatic conditions,application technique and soil conditions (humidity,...).N,P loss by runoff following manure spreading could be strong in winter,spring and summer during heavy rainfall.Therefore the risk of transfer by runoff should be defined according to the cover of the plot rather than the application period.However,the likelihood that runoff water reaches rivers is not clearly established as it also depends on various parameters (plot characteristics,distance to river,tillage,...).The water contamination due to infiltration is also complex with the same rage of factors influencing runoff loss.In addition,leaching loss is also related to nutrient cycling and their transport through the soil profile.
机译:来自土地接收粪便的块和P损失的两种主要途径是浸出和径流。径流污染地表水污染的风险与绘图到径流和N,P可用性/移动性的敏感性相关在径流期间取决于粪便率,气候条件,应用技术和土壤条件(湿度,......)。N,在粪便蔓延后径流的P损失在冬季,春季和夏季在大雨中可能是强大的。因此通过径流转移的风险应根据情节的封面而不是申请期。然而,径流水到达河流的可能性不会明确建立,因为它还取决于各种参数(绘图特征,到河流距离,耕作,......)。由于渗透引起的水污染也复杂,具有影响径流损失的因素相同的因素。此外,浸出损失也与营养循环及其TR有关通过土壤剖面的Ansport。

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