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To Duct or Not to Duct: Evaluating the Space Conditioning Impacts of Heat Pump Water Heaters in the PNNL Lab Homes

机译:导管或不对管道:评估热泵热水器在PNNL实验室家中的空间调节撞击

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Heat pump water heaters (HPWH) are a promising technology for substantially reducing water heating-related energy use in the residential sector. However, concerns have been raised regarding the impact of HPWHs on space conditioning energy when installed in conditioned space, primarily in northern climates. For example, the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA’s) Northern Climate HPWH Specification, which describes the performance criteria a HPWH must have to be incentivized in cold climates in the Pacific Northwest, requires exhaust ducting for their Tier II-specified products and both supply and exhaust ducting for the Tier IIIspecified product (NEEA 2013). However, these concerns and installation recommendations are based on modeling, and comparative field data are not available to verify modeled performance. This study examines the overall performance and operation of two HPWHs in conditioned space in the matched pair of PNNL Lab Homes1 with no ducting, exhaust ducting, and full ducting (supply and exhaust), and it explores the interactions between the HPWH and the home’s heating/cooling system. The data collected in this field evaluation suggest that previous modeling may not completely characterize the complex interactions of HPWHs, HVAC systems, and ducting. This report discusses the impact on space conditioning and water heater energy use when configuring an HPWH with exhaust only ducting or full ducting, as compared to an unducted HPWH. Additional cost analysis is necessary to assess the cost effectiveness of ducting and to make formal recommendations regarding appropriate installation of HPWHs in more varied scenarios.
机译:热泵热水器(HPWH)是一种有希望的技术,可在居住部门大大减少水加热相关能源使用。然而,在安装在条件空间的空间调节能量上,已经提出了关于HPWH的影响,主要是在北部气候中。例如,西北能源效率联盟(Neea's)北部气候HPWH编写,描述了HPWH的绩效标准必须必须在太平洋西北部的寒冷气候中激励,需要为他们的二级指定产品和供应提供排气管用于Tier IIIspecied产品的排气管(Neea 2013)。但是,这些问题和安装建议基于建模,并且比较现场数据无法验证建模性能。本研究审查了匹配的PNNL实验室Homes1中有条件空间中的两个HPWH的整体性能和运行,没有管道,排气管和供应和排气),探讨了HPWH与家庭的加热之间的相互作用/冷却系统。在该字段评估中收集的数据表明,之前的建模可能无法完全表征HPWHS,HVAC系统和管道的复杂相互作用。本报告讨论了与未经治疗的HPWH相比,在使用废气或完全管道配置时对空间调节和热水器能量使用的影响。需要额外的成本分析来评估导管的成本效益,并在更有不同的情景中适当地安装HPWH的正式建议。

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