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首页> 外文会议>World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium >Use of LIDAR Data in the 3D/4D Analyses of the Krakow Fortress Objects
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Use of LIDAR Data in the 3D/4D Analyses of the Krakow Fortress Objects

机译：在克拉科夫堡垒对象的3D / 4D分析中使用LIDAR数据

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The article presents partial results of studies within the framework of the international project "Cultural Heritage Through Time" (CHT2). The subject of the study were forts of the Krakow Fortress, which had been built by the Austrians between 1849-1914 in order to provide defence against the Russians. Research works were aimed at identifying architectural changes occurring in different time periods in relation to selected objects of the Krakow Fortress. For the analysis, the following LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data was applied: Digital Terrain Models (DTM), Digital Surface Model (DSM), as well as the cartographic data: maps and orthophotomaps. All spatial data was obtained from the Polish Main Office of Geodesy and Cartography (Glowny Urzad Geodezji i Kartografii - GUGIK). The majority of the cartographic data is available in the form of Web Map Services (WMS) on Geoportal (www.geoportal.gov.pl). The archival data was made available by the Historical Museum of the City of Krakow, or obtained from private collections. In order to conduct a thorough analysis of objects of the Krakow fortress, DTM and DSM data was obtained, either in ASCII format, or in the source *.las (LIDAR) format. On the basis of DTM and DSM, the degree of destruction of selected fortress objects was determined, occurring as a result of the action of demolishing those objects in the interwar period (1920-1939) and in the 1950s. The research has been made on the basis of all available cartographic materials, both archival (plans, maps, photos) and current (topographic map, orthophotomap, etc.) ones. Verification of archival maps and plans was carried out by comparing current digital images of the existing forms of fortifications with designs developed by the Austrians. As a result, it was possible to identify the differences between the original design, and the current state of the objects concerned. The analyses, which have been conducted, also allowed checking the legitimacy of locating the forts in terms of the object visibility from the enemy's side (foreground), presence and number of "dead fields" in the foreground, the effectiveness of blurring characteristic military forms by means of masks formed from tree rows and shrubs. Furthermore, the analyses involved examination of the impact of erosion resulting from the natural process of silting drains of forts' ground forms, as well as processes of obliterating of the slopes, sliding of the scarps, and flooding of moats and caponieres.
机译：本文介绍了国际项目“文化遗产通过时间”（CHT2）的框架内研究的部分结果（CHT2）。该研究的主题是克拉科夫堡垒的堡垒，该堡垒于1849 - 1914年间建于奥地利，以便为俄罗斯人提供辩护。研究工作旨在识别与克拉科夫堡垒所选择的不同时间段发生的架构变革。对于分析，应用以下LIDAR（光检测和测距）数据：数字地形模型（DTM），数字表面模型（DSM）以及制图数据：地图和正轨映射。所有空间数据是从波兰大地和制图（Growny Urzad Geodezji I Kartografii - Gugik）获得的所有空间数据。大多数制图数据以网站地图（www.geoportal.gov.pl）的Web地图服务（WMS）的形式提供。归档数据由克拉科夫市的历史博物馆提供，或从私人收藏中获得。为了对克拉科夫堡垒的对象进行彻底分析，在ASCII格式或源* .las（lidar）格式中获得DTM和DSM数据。在DTM和DSM的基础上，确定了所选堡垒对象的破坏程度，由于拆除了白天（1920-1939）和20世纪50年代的拆除这些物体的作用而发生。该研究是在所有可用的制图材料的基础上进行的，档案（计划，地图，照片）和当前（地形图，正交映射等）。通过比较奥地利人开发的设计现有的防御工事的当前数字图像来进行档案地图和计划的验证。结果，可以识别原始设计与有关物体的当前状态之间的差异。已经进行的分析也允许检查从敌人的侧面（前景），前景中“死田”的物体可见性方面定位堡垒的合法性，模糊特征军事形式的有效性通过由树行和灌木形成的面膜。此外，分析涉及勘探腐败漏斗的自然过程的腐蚀影响，以及倾倒斜坡，围巾滑动和洪水的过程中的影响。

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