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Effect of the Road Environment on Road Safety in Poland

机译：道路环境对波兰道路安全的影响

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Run-off-road accidents tend to be very severe because when a vehicle leaves the road, it will often crash into a solid obstacle (tree, pole, supports, front wall of a culvert, barrier). A statistical analysis of the data shows that Poland's main roadside hazard is trees and the severity of vehicles striking a tree in a run-off-road crash. The risks are particularly high in north-west Poland with many of the roads lined up with trees. Because of the existing rural road cross-sections, i.e. having trees directly on road edge followed immediately by drainage ditches, vulnerable road users are prevented from using shoulders and made to use the roadway. With no legal definition of the road safety zone in Polish regulations, attempts to remove roadside trees lead to major conflicts with environmental stakeholders. This is why a compromise should be sought between the safety of road users and protection of the natural environment and the aesthetics of the road experience. Rather than just cut the trees, other road safety measures should be used where possible to treat the hazardous spots by securing trees and obstacles and through speed management. Accidents that are directly related to the road environment fall into the following categories: hitting a tree, hitting a barrier, hitting a utility pole or sign, vehicle rollover on the shoulder, vehicle rollover on slopes or in ditch. The main consequence of a roadside hazard is not the likelihood of an accident itself but of its severity. Poland's roadside accident severity is primarily the result of poor design or operation of road infrastructure. This comes as a consequence of a lack of regulations or poorly defined regulations and failure to comply with road safety standards. The new analytical model was designed as a combination of the different factors and one that will serve as a comprehensive model. It was assumed that it will describe the effect of the roadside on the number of accidents and their consequences. The design of the model was based on recommendations from analysing other models. The assumptions were the following: the model will be used to calculate risk factors and accident severity, the indicators will depend on number of vehicle kilometres travelled or traffic volumes, analyses will be based on accident data: striking a tree, hitting a barrier, hitting a utility pole or sign. Additional data will include roadside information and casualty density measures will be used - killed and injured.
机译：越野的事故往往是非常严重的，因为当车辆离开道路时，它会崩溃成一个坚固的障碍物（树，杆，支撑，挡板的前壁，屏障）。对数据的统计分析表明，波兰的主要路边危害是树木和在越野崩溃中撞击树的车辆的严重程度。波兰西北波兰的风险特别高，许多道路排列着树木。由于现有的农村公路横截面，即直接在路边的树木紧随排水沟，防止脆弱的道路使用者使用肩部并使用道路。在波兰法规中没有道路安全区的法律定义，试图去除路边树木导致与环境利益相关者的重大冲突。这就是为什么应在道路使用者的安全和保护自然环境和道路经验的美学之间寻求妥协。应该使用其他道路安全措施而不是削减树木，在可能通过确保树木和障碍和速度管理来治疗危险斑点。与道路环境直接相关的事故均落入以下几类：击中一棵树，击中屏障，击中效用杆或标志，肩部滚动，车辆翻转在斜坡上或沟渠。路边风险的主要结果不是事故本身的可能性，而是其严重程度。波兰的路边事故严重程度主要是道路基础设施设计不佳的结果。这是由于缺乏规定或规定的规定不良，并且未能遵守道路安全标准。新的分析模型被设计为不同因素的组合和将作为综合模型的组合。假设它将描述路边对事故数量及其后果的影响。该模型的设计是基于分析其他模型的建议。假设是以下内容：该模型将用于计算风险因素和事故严重程度，指标将取决于车辆公里数量的行驶或交通量，分析将基于事故数据：撞到一棵树，击中屏障，打障碍效用杆或标志。其他数据将包括路边信息和伤亡密度措施将被使用 - 丧生和受伤。

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