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首页> 外文会议>Energy Technologies Symposium >Recovery of Metals and Nonmetals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) by Physical Recycling Techniques
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Recovery of Metals and Nonmetals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) by Physical Recycling Techniques

机译：通过物理回收技术从废印刷电路板（PCB）中恢复金属和非金属

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This paper reviews the existing and state of art knowledge for electronic waste (e-waste) recycling. Electrical/electronic equipments (EEEs) which are unwanted, broken or discarded by their original users are known as e-waste. The main purpose of this study is to provide a review of e-waste problem, give e-waste management strategies and introduce various physical e-waste recycling processes with special attention towards extraction of both metallic values and nonmetallic substances. The hazards arise from the presence of heavy metals (e.g. Hg, Cd, Pb etc.), brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and other potentially harmful substances in e-waste. Due to the presence of these substances, e-waste is generally considered as hazardous waste and may pose significant human and environmental health risks if improperly managed. This review paper describes the potential hazards and economic opportunities of e-waste. First of all, an overview of e-waste/printed circuit board (PCB) components and substances are given. Current status and future perspectives of e-waste and waste PCB recycling techniques are described. E-waste characterization, dismantling, liberation, classification and separation processes, are also covered. Manual selective dismantling after desoldering and metal-nonmetal liberation at -150 μm with two step crushing are seen to be the best techniques. After size reduction, mainly physical separation processes employing gravity, electrostatic, magnetic separators etc., which are commonly used in mineral processing, have been critically reviewed here for separation of metals and nonmetals. The recovery of pure metals from e-waste after physical separation can be performed by pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical or biohydro metallurgical routes, which are not covered here. Suitable PCB recycling flowsheets for industrial applications are also given. E-waste recycling will be a very important sector in the near future from economic and environmental perspectives for both developing and developed countries. Recycling technology aims to take today's waste and turn it into conflict-free, sustainable polymetallic secondary resources (i.e. Urban Mining) for tomorrow. Recycling technology must ensure that e-waste is processed in an environmentally friendly manner, with high metal/nonmetal recovery efficiency and lowered carbon footprint. Taking into consideration our depleting natural resources, this Urban Mining approach offers quite a few benefits; it provides a substantial secondary resource, while also ensuring that the environment is kept free from harmful toxins in e-waste. This results in increased energy efficiency and lowers demand for mining of new raw materials.
机译：本文审查了电子废物（电子废物）回收的现有和艺术知识。由原始用户不受欢迎，破坏或丢弃的电气/电子设备（EEE）被称为电子废物。本研究的主要目的是提供对电子废物问题的综述，提供电子废物管理策略，并介绍各种物理电子废物回收过程，特别注意促进金属值和非金属物质。从重金属（例如Hg，Cd，Pb等）的存在，溴化阻燃剂（BFR）和其他潜在的E废物物质产生危害。由于存在这些物质，电子废物通常被认为是危险的废物，如果不正确地管理，可能会造成显着的人类和环境健康风险。本篇综述介绍了电子废物的潜在危险和经济机会。首先，给出了电子废料/印刷电路板（PCB）部件和物质的概述。描述了电子废物和废物PCB回收技术的当前状态和未来的观点。还涵盖了电子废物特征，拆除，解放，分类和分离过程。手工选择性拆卸后的溶解和金属 - 非金属释放，两步破碎的150μm在-150μm之后被视为最好的技术。在减小尺寸之后，主要用于矿物加工中使用的重力，静电，磁性分离器等的物理分离过程已经严重综述，用于分离金属和非金属。物理分离后的纯金属的纯金属的回收可以通过PyromePurgurgical，氢冶金或生物中的冶金途径进行，这些冶金途径未覆盖。还给出了适用于工业应用的PCB回收流程。电子废物回收将是在不久的将来的一个非常重要的部门，来自发展中国家和发达国家的经济和环境观点。回收技术旨在采取当今的垃圾，并将其变成无冲突，可持续的多金属二级资源（即城市采矿）。再循环技术必须确保以环保方式处理电子废物，具有高金属/非金属恢复效率和降低的碳足迹。考虑到我们的耗尽自然资源，这种城市采矿方法提供了相当多的好处;它提供了大量的二级资源，同时还确保环境保持不受含有垃圾的有害毒素。这导致能效增加，降低了对新原料采矿的需求。

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