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A Review of Responses of Bulk Gel Treatments in Injection Wells-Part I: Oil Production

机译：注射井散装凝胶治疗响应的综述 - 第一部分：石油生产

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As lifespan extenders, bulk gels have been widely applied to rejuvenate oil production from uneconomic producers in mature oilfields by improving sweep efficiency of IOR/EOR floodings. This paper presents a comprehensive review for the responses of injection-well gel treatments implemented between 1985 and 2014. The survey includes 61 field projects compiled from SPE papers and U.S. DOE reports. Seven parameters related to the oil production response were evaluated according to the reservoir lithology, formation type, and recovery process using the univariate analysis and stacked histograms. The interquartile range method was used to detect the under-performing and over-performing gel projects. Scatterplots were used to identify effects of the injected gel volume and the treatment timing on the treatment responses. Results indicated that gel treatments have very wide ranges of responses for injection and production wells and for oil and water rates/profiles. The typical incremental oil production is 116 MSTBO per treatment, 15 STBO per gel barrel, or 10 STBO per polymer pound. We identified that gel treatments perform more efficiently in carbonate than in sandstone reservoirs and in naturally-fractured formations than in other formation types. In addition, the incremental oil production considerably increases with the channeling strength and the injected gel volume for all formation types, not just for the matrix-rock reservoirs. Moreover, gel treatments applied in naturally-fractured formations have lower productivities in sandstones than in carbonates based on the normalized performance parameters. Declining tends were identified for all parameters of the oil production response with the treatment timing indicators. The sooner the gel treatment is applied; the faster the response and the larger the incremental oil production and its rate. It is recommended to allow longer evaluation times for gel treatments applied in matrix-rock formations or in mature polymer floodings as their response times may extend to several months. Gel treatments would perform more efficiently if they are conducted at water cuts <70%, flood lives <20 years, or recovery factors <35%. For different application environments, the present review provides reservoir engineers with updated ideas about what are the low, typical, and high performances of gel treatments when applied successfully and how other treatment aspects affect the performances.
机译：随着寿命的扩展器，通过提高IOR / EOR泛洪水的扫描效率，散装凝胶已被广泛应用于从成熟油田中的不经济生产商恢复油生产。本文为1985年至2014年间实施的注塑井凝胶处理的回复综述了综述。该调查包括从SPE文件和美国DOE报告编制的61个现场项目。根据储层岩性，形成类型和恢复过程，评估与油生产响应相关的七个参数，使用单变量分析和堆叠直方图。使用狭隘的范围方法来检测下不良凝胶项目。散点截面用于鉴定注射凝胶体积的效果和治疗反应的治疗时间。结果表明，注射和生产井的凝胶处理具有非常广泛的反应范围，以及用于油和水速率/型材。典型的增量油生产是每处理116 MSTBO，每种凝胶筒15个STBO，或每种聚合物10个STBO。我们发现凝胶处理在碳酸盐中比砂岩储层和自然 - 裂缝的形成比其他形成类型更有效地进行。此外，增量油产生随着所有形成类型的引导强度和注射的凝胶体积而显着增加，而不仅仅是基质岩石储层。此外，基于标准化的性能参数，在天然碎裂的地层中施用的凝胶处理具有比碳酸酯的产品低于碳酸盐。对于具有治疗时序指标的石油生产响应的所有参数，确定了趋于下降。凝胶处理越早;响应越快，增量石油产量越大及其速度。建议允许在基质 - 岩层中施用的凝胶处理或成熟的聚合物泛涂层延长较长的评估时间，因为它们的响应时间延长至几个月。凝胶治疗将更有效地表现，如果它们在削减水中进行<70％，洪水生命<20年或恢复因子<35％。对于不同的应用环境，本综述提供了具有更新思想的水库工程师，了解成功应用时凝胶处理的低，典型和高性能以及其他治疗方面如何影响性能。

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