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Impulsive and Low-Thrust Transfer Design between Stable and Nearly-Stable Periodic Orbits in the Restricted Problem
Wide-ranging transfer capabilities are necessary to support the development of cislunar space. But, the design of efficient low-thrust and impulsive transfers between stable periodic orbits is challenging in this regime. Transfer concepts between such orbits cannot leverage the unstable manifold structures typically employed. Thus, a methodology for constructing such transfers, based on collocation, is demonstrated. Initial guesses comprised of coast arcs along periodic orbits as well as "chains" of intermediate trajectory arcs from other natural dynamical structures are exploited to yield optimal transfers. Optimal low-thrust transfers are transitioned to impulsive trajectories or continued to introduce practical engine parameters. This process applies to various spacecraft configurations and some results are validated in a higher-fidelity model. Practical examples demonstrate direct transcription as a robust approach for constructing low-thrust transfers.
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