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Eight Years, Five Projects, and Over Forty Kilometers of Hard Rock Tunnel Design Improvements

机译：八年，五个项目，以及超过四十公里的硬岩隧道设计改进

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Starting in Indianapolis, Indiana, the Black & Veatch tunnel design team has designed five hard rock tunnels spanning over forty kilometers in length, for three cities including Fort Wayne, Indiana and Louisville, Kentucky. This paper discusses evolution of design improvements over the past eight years to enhance hydraulics, reduce risk, accelerate construction schedule, and logically design near surface structures to accommodate them within tight site area restrictions.The design of the tunnel itself encompasses various components including elevation, radii and number of curves, slope, geological setting, and hydraulics. These parameters are discussed for design of horizontal and vertical tunnel alignments, along with their optimization for the tunnel, while balancing property easement requirements at the surface. A few of the tunnels systems have underground bifurcations with full size tunnels branching off from the main tunnel alignment. Design of these bifurcation junctions have been refined to aid in accelerating final concrete lining operations during construction. Dedicated drop shafts, which convey flows from near surface infrastructure to the deep tunnel, can be eliminated, in certain situations, when they are located in proximity to a larger tunnel shaft. The design takes advantage of the larger Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) shafts by integrating nearby drop shafts into them.
机译：从印第安纳州印第安纳州印第安纳波利斯开始，这支黑色和Veatch隧道设计团队设计了五十公里的五十公里，三个城市设计了五个硬岩隧道，包括韦恩堡，印第安纳州和路易斯维尔，肯塔基州。本文讨论了过去八年设计改进的演变，以增强液压，降低风险，加速施工进度，以及逻辑上的表面结构，以在紧凑的场地区域限制范围内适应它们。隧道本身的设计包括各种组件，包括升高，半径和曲线，斜坡，地质设置和液压系统。讨论这些参数用于设计水平和垂直隧道对齐，以及它们对隧道的优化，同时平衡表面的性能等待。隧道系统中的一些隧道系统具有地下分叉，具有从主隧道对准分支的全尺寸隧道。这些分叉连接的设计已被精制，以帮助在施工过程中加速最终的混凝土衬里操作。在某些情况下，在某些情况下，可以消除从近地表基础设施传送到深隧道的流量的专用下落轴。该设计利用了通过将附近的落轴集成到它们中来利用较大的隧道镗床（TBM）轴。

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