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Loxodon-1: Development of the First Liquid Rocket Engine in Puerto Rico

机译：Loxodon-1：波多黎各第一液体火箭发动机的开发

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Loxodon-1 is the first bipropellant liquid rocket engine developed in Puerto Rico entirely by undergraduate students from the University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez Campus (UPRM). The purpose of this project is to serve as a proof-of-concept for future rocket engines and validate the feasibility of developing such endeavour with a limited amount of resources. This engine is designed to produce 500 lbf (2.2 kN) of thrust at sea level with a chamber pressure of 554.7 psia (3.82 MPa). The propellants of the engine were chosen to be Jet Fuel-A as the fuel, and Liquid Oxygen (LOX) as the oxidizer with a mixture (O/F) ratio of 1.4. The pressure feed system consists of gaseous nitrogen at high pressures aided by flow valve technologies to transfer the liquid propellants into the engine's injector. This engine uses an O-F-O Unlike Triplet injector to mix and atomize the propellants into the combustion chamber. The temperature inside the combustion chamber reaches 2,218 K, therefore, an ablative coating surrounds the interior of the 304 stainless steel thrust chamber to avoid failure due to high thermal stresses. Furthermore, a test stand made of AISI 4130 Alloy Steel, known as Chromoly, was designed to perform static hot fire tests of the engine in a horizontal configuration. Several Finite Element Analyses (FEA) were made to determine its robustness, and proved to withstand up to 2,000 lbf (9 kN) horizontally. To collect data during hot fires, a series of sensors are placed throughout the feed system and engine such as pressure-transducers, load cells and flow meters. As of September 2020, this project is currently entering the manufacturing phase, with the first hot fire test aimed towards Spring 2021.
机译：Loxodon-1是第一批在波多黎各开发的百倍玻璃液体火箭发动机，完全由来自波多黎各大学Mayaguez校园（UPRM）的本科生。该项目的目的是担任未来火箭发动机的概念验证，并验证了以有限的资源开发此类努力的可行性。该发动机设计用于在海平面产生500 LBF（2.2KN）的推力，腔室压力为554.7psia（3.82MPa）。选择发动机的推进剂被选择为燃料 - A作为燃料，以及作为氧化剂的液氧（LOX），其混合物（O / F）比为1.4。压力馈送系统由气流阀门技术的气态氮气组成，以使流动阀技术将液体推进剂转移到发动机的注射器中。该发动机使用O-F-O与三联喷射器不同，将推进剂混合并雾化到燃烧室中。因此，燃烧室内的温度达到2,218k，因此，烧蚀涂层围绕304不锈钢推力室的内部，以避免由于高热应力而发生故障。此外，设计了由AISI 4130合金钢制成的测试支架，称为Chromoly，以水平构造对发动机进行静态热火试验。进行了几种有限元分析（FEA）以确定其稳健性，并证明可以衡量高达2,000LBF（9kN）水平。要在热火期间收集数据，将一系列传感器放置在整个饲料系统和发动机，如压力传感器，称重传感器和流量计。截至2020年9月，该项目目前正在进入制造阶段，第一个热火试验旨在朝向弹簧2021。

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