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The effect of mixing models in PDF calculations of piloted jet flames

机译：混合模型在引燃火焰PDF计算中的作用

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For turbulent flames containing significant turbulence-chemistry interactions, the accuracy of PDF model calculations depends on the accurate representation of the chemistry and on the mixing model (including the value of the mixing-model constant, C_φ). In recent work, Cao and Pope demonstrated that accurate calculations of the Barlow and Frank piloted jet flames D, E and F are achieved using the GRI3.0 mechanism and the EMST mixing model (with C_φ = 1.5). In the present paper, further PDF model calculations (using GRI3.0) are performed in order to investigate the performance of three mixing models (EMST, IEM and MC) and their dependence on the specified value of C_φ. It is shown that all three models are capable of yielding levels of local extinction (quantified by a burning index) comparable to the experimental observations, but this is achieved using C_φ = 3.3 for IEM, and C_φ = 3.8 for MC (compared to C_φ = 1.5 for EMST). However, in these calculations with IEM and MC, the mixture fraction variance is significantly underpredicted: only the EMST model is capable of calculating accurately both the observed burning indexes and the mixture fraction variance. The findings of this study, the first comparative study of mixing models in the Barlow and Frank flames, are related to previous observations.
机译：对于包含显着湍流-化学相互作用的湍流火焰，PDF模型计算的准确性取决于化学物质的精确表示形式以及混合模型（包括混合模型常数C_φ的值）。在最近的工作中，Cao和Pope证明了使用GRI3.0机制和EMST混合模型（C_φ= 1.5）可以精确计算Barlow和Frank引燃的喷射火焰D，E和F。在本文中，为了研究三种混合模型（EMST，IEM和MC）的性能及其对C_φ指定值的依赖性，进一步进行了PDF模型计算（使用GRI3.0）。结果表明，所有三个模型都能够产生与实验观察结果相当的局部灭绝水平（通过燃烧指数量化），但这对于IEM使用C_φ= 3.3，对于MC使用C_φ= 3.8（与C_φ= EMST为1.5）。但是，在这些使用IEM和MC进行的计算中，混合物分数方差被严重低估了：只有EMST模型才能够准确计算观察到的燃烧指数和混合物分数方差。这项研究的发现是对Barlow和Frank火焰混合模型的首次比较研究，与先前的观察有关。

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