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RETRIEVABILITY: IS IT THE EMPEROR'S NEW PROTECTIVE CLOTHING?

机译：辨证性：是皇帝的新防护服吗？

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摘要

Public safety and acceptance, and environmental safety are two common and closely related global cornerstones for the successful development of a deep geological repository for safe disposal of longlived radioactive materials/wastesa (LLRM)(1,2). Unfortunately, lack of public trust and fear of the unknown are two primary reasons for hindered progress and abundant opposition to LLRM repository developments. As a case in point, despite more than 40 years of focused efforts around the world, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico, United States of America (USA), is the only operating deep geological repository for LLRM at the end of year 2000. The WIPP repository was certified (3) for safe disposal of LLRM and permitted (4) for safe disposal of regulated hazardous constituents mixed with the LLRM by two independent regulators in 1998 and 1999, respectively, and it opened in March 1999. The world's next deep geological LLRM repository is scheduled to open in year 2010 (5). As follows, the costly and seemingly endless search for safe LLRM repositories continues both in the USA and abroad. Thus, any variation to the current strategy that might enhance LLRM repository progress must be carefully considered, provided the solution is: 1. Scientifically and technically sound; 2. Fulfilling ethical and financial commitments to both current and future generations; and 3. Presented in unambiguous context and readily understood manner. Two geological-disposal-related concepts currently being promoted as contributing to safety around the world are “retrieval” and “recovery” of the emplaced LLRM (e.g.,6,7). However, in the USA, these concept are fundamentally different (8,9), a fact that appears to be largely unrecognized. The retrievability concept involves ready access to the LLRMs emplaced in a deep geological repository during (and about 50 years after) the operational period to safeguard against any unexpected adverse conditions (8). The recovery concept involves the fundamental ethical and financial consideration that future generations should not be precluded access to the emplaced LLRM as a potential resource (2,9). Thus, two credibility issues associated with these concepts are: 1. Do they contribute to repository performance in terms of safety? 2. Do they need to be better defined such that the distinction between the two concepts is clear? Based on a preliminary analysis, the conclusions of the author are: 1. Neither retrievability nor recoverability contributes to the safe performance of a deep geological repository for LLRM, indeed they may decrease post-closure safety. 2. A clear distinction needs to be made between the retrievability and recoverability concepts to avoid misunderstandings, misrepresentations, and loss of an already fragile public confidence in (a) the credibility of the radioactive waste management community; and (b) the feasibility of deep geological disposal of LLRM.
机译：公共安全和验收，环境安全是两个常见的和密切相关的全球基石，用于成功开发深层地质储存库，以安全处理Longlived放射性物质/ WASTESA（LLRM）（1,2）。不幸的是，缺乏公众信任和对未知的恐惧是阻碍进展和充分反对LLRM存储库发展的主要原因。作为某种情况，尽管世界各地的40多年的努力，但新墨西哥州（美国）的废物隔离试验工厂（WIPP）是最终的LLRM唯一的经营深层地质库2000年。WIPP储存库被认证（3），以便在1998年和1999年的两名独立监管机构的安全处置履行LLRM的安全处置，并允许与LLM混合的受管制危险组成部分，并于1999年3月开业。世界下一个深层地质LLRM存储库计划于2010年（5）年开放。如下，对安全LLRM存储库的昂贵和看似无穷无尽的搜索在美国和国外都持续。因此，如果解决方案是：1，必须仔细考虑对可能增强LLRM存储库进度的当前策略的任何变化是：1。科学和技术上的声音; 2.对当前和后代的道德和财务承诺履行伦理和财务承诺; 3.呈现明确的背景和清楚地理解的方式。目前正在推广的两个地质处理相关概念作为促进世界各地的安全性是“检索”和所取得的LLRM的“恢复”（例如，6,7）。然而，在美国，这些概念从根本上有所不同（8,9），这一事实似乎在很大程度上被忽视。可回收性概念涉及在运营期间（和大约50年之后）在营运期间（约50年后）在展开的地质存储库中挖出的LLRMS，以防止任何意外的不利条件（8）。恢复概念涉及基本的道德和财务审议，即未来几代不应排除进入所淘汰的LLM作为潜在资源（2,9）。因此，与这些概念相关的两个可信度问题是：1。它们是否有助于在安全方面进行储存性绩效？ 2.他们是否需要更好地定义，使两个概念之间的区别很清楚？根据初步分析，作者的结论是：1。既不是可回收性和可恢复性都没有促进LLRM深层地质库的安全性能，事实上它们可能会降低闭合后安全性。 2.需要在辨取性和可收回性概念之间进行明确的区别，以避免误解，虚假陈述和丧失已经脆弱的公众信心（a）放射性废物管理界的可信度; （b）LLRM深层地质处置的可行性。

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