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White certificates as a tool to promote energy efficiency in industry

机译：白色证书是促进工业能源效率的工具

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White certificates (WhCs) or, more generally, energy efficiency obligation schemes (EEOs) are used in many EU countries as a policy measure to reach energy efficiency targets. Some of the first schemes (UK, Italy, France, Denmark) have been capable to reach positive results over the years, although with important differences, as clearly demonstrated by the IEE ENSPOL project. Only the Danish and the Italian schemes show a predominance of industrial projects. The Italian scheme, in particular, in the last three years has produced 80 % of the white certificates from the industrial sector. The energy savings are transformed in certificates keeping into account the additionality, with respect to the market and regulatory baseline, and the technical lifetime of the project (through the so called tau coefficient). The presence of a trad-able market ensures an important involvement of voluntary parties and supported the development of a dedicated energy service market. This EEO scheme, which started effectively in 2004, provides a target of 7.6 Mtoe of annual savings in 2016 and showed a progressive shift from the tertiary and household sectors and a prevalent use of simplified procedures for the assessment of energy savings, to the industrial sector and a predominant use of metered savings procedures. The scheme is thus an interesting example of a policy measure capable of achieving significant results in the industrial sector and it could be useful to analyse the main design rules that influenced this result. Based on FIRE activities and experience, with a focus on the industrial sector, the paper will illustrate the main facts and results and how additionality, non energy benefits at system level, certificates trading, scheme costs, and measurement and verification procedures have been dealt with. The paper will also address the issues that will lead to a major redesign of the Italian scheme in 2016.
机译：白色证书（WhC），或更笼统地说，是能源效率义务计划（EEO），在许多欧盟国家中被用作达到能源效率目标的政策措施。 IEE ENSPOL项目清楚地表明，尽管存在重大差异，但一些首批计划（英国，意大利，法国，丹麦）多年来已经取得了积极成果。只有丹麦和意大利的方案显示出工业项目的优势。特别是在过去的三年中，意大利的计划已经从工业部门获得了80％的白色证书。节省的能源转化为证书，同时考虑了相对于市场和监管基准的额外性以及项目的技术寿命（通过所谓的tau系数）。可交易市场的存在确保了自愿团体的重要参与，并支持了专门的能源服务市场的发展。该EEO计划于2004年开始有效实施，其目标是在2016年实现每年7.6 Mtoe的节约，并显示出从第三产业和家庭行业的逐步转变，以及普遍使用的简化程序来评估节能量，已转向工业领域以及主要使用计量储蓄程序。因此，该方案是能够在工业领域取得显著成果的政策措施的有趣示例，它对于分析影响该结果的主要设计规则可能很有用。基于FIRE的活动和经验，重点是工业部门，本文将说明主要事实和结果以及如何处理附加性，系统级的非能源利益，证书交易，计划成本以及度量和验证程序。 。本文还将解决导致意大利方案在2016年进行重大重新设计的问题。

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