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Cooperative Sensing of Primary Users in Cognitive Radio Networks Based on Message Passing

机译：基于消息传递的认知无线网络中主要用户的合作感应

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Opportunistic access to temporarily unused licensed frequency bands has been recognized as a cost-effective solution to mitigate the scarcity of radio spectrum incurred by the proliferation and evolution of wireless devices. In order to accomplish a more efficient spectrum utilization across time, space and frequency the functionality of spectral awareness is expected to be incorporated into transceivers of cognitive radios (CR) in the foreseeable future. However, the agility requirements imposed on an individual CR might be very stringent since the spectrum has to be monitored on a continuous basis and the spectral holes must be detected reliably in the presence of channel fading and/or hardware failure, especially in a broadband wireless network with multiple primary users. To remedy this problem, light-weight collaboration among CRs becomes attractive since distributed signal processing can exploit the spatial diversity through network cooperation to improve the sensing reliability. To this end, we extend the classical framework for distributed detection of a single user to the case of multiuser detection, and introduce a Tanner graph description of the network topology. We designate the transmission pattern of primaries by a binary space-frequency signature sequence and view all possible patterns collectively as a low-density parity check (LDPC) codebook. Then, we invoke belief propagation message passing algorithm across the entire CR network to infer the unknown pattern iteratively from the noisy observations of all spectrum sensors. Based on the pattern inferred, the fusion centers can determine the spectral and spatial access pattern of secondary users, without interfering with the normal functioning of incumbent primaries.
机译：机会访问暂时未使用的许可频段已被认为是一种经济有效的解决方案，以减轻无线设备的增殖和演化所产生的无线电频谱的稀缺。为了在时间，空间和频率在可预见的未来结合在可预见的未来中的认知收音机（CR）的收发器中，空间和频率的空间和频率。然而，在单个CR上施加的敏捷性要求可能是非常严格的，因为必须在连续监测频谱，并且必须在频道衰落和/或硬件故障的情况下可靠地检测光谱孔，尤其是在宽带无线中具有多个主要用户的网络。为了解决这个问题，CR之间的轻量级协作变得有吸引力，因为分布式信号处理可以通过网络协作利用空间分集来提高感测可靠性。为此，我们将单个用户的分布式检测到多用户检测的情况扩展了古典框架，并引入了网络拓扑的Tanner图表描述。我们通过二进制空间频率签名序列指定原始的传输模式，并将所有可能的模式统称为低密度奇偶校验检查（LDPC）码本。然后，我们在整个CR网络中调用信仰传播消息通过算法，从所有频谱传感器的嘈杂观察迭代地推断未知模式。基于推断的模式，融合中心可以确定二级用户的光谱和空间访问模式，而不会干扰现有初始的正常功能。

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