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An MR Compatible Aortic Arch Phantom with Calcific Polymeric Valves

机译：MR兼容的主动脉弓幻影与钙化聚合物阀门

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To permit optimization of 4D flow protocols in imaging of thoracic aorta, a flow phantom wasdesigned and constructed from clear acrylic plastic. The phantom was precision machined out ofclear acrylic plastic for continuous flow, ability to see unwanted air bubbles, and MRcompatibility. The solid model of the phantom was designed in SolidWorks and fed to a computernumeric control (CNC) machine for precision machining. The design permits the operator toswitch aortic valves constructed from a silicone mold with various degrees of calcifications(different percentage openings), modeling an aortic valve at various stages of disease. The valveopens and closes during the cardiac cycle as in the in-vivo case. The inner diameter of the tubethroughout the phantom was 1", which corresponds to human anatomical measurements in theaverage person. The phantom was placed in an MR compatible flow circuit, with a 60:40 distilledwater/glycerol fluid mixture resulting in a viscosity of 0043 Pa*s and density of 1,060 kg/m~3similar to those of blood. The pump driving the working fluid in the phantom is programmable,capable of delivering physiologic flow rates up to peak flow of 400 ml/sThe phantom was placed inside a Philips Achieva 1.5 T scanner and imaged with a 16 element XLTorso Coil. 4D flow imaging was performed at a Venc of 250 cm/s. The field of view was 120mm × 120 mm × 150 mm, with a voxel size of 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm × 5 mm, and 14 phases. Otherscan parameters were as follows: TR=11 ms, TE=4 ms and TFE factor=2.
机译：允许优化4D流动协议在胸主动脉的成像中，流动幻影是由透明丙烯酸塑料设计和构造。幽灵是精密加工的透明丙烯酸塑料用于连续流动，能够看到不需要的气泡，和MR兼容性。幻象的固体模型是在SolidWorks中设计的，并送到计算机用于精密加工的数字控制（CNC）机器。设计允许操作员切换由硅树脂模具构成的主动脉阀，具有各种钙化（不同的百分比开口），以各个疾病阶段建模主动脉瓣。阀门在心脏周期中打开和关闭，如在体内案例中。管的内径整个幻影为1“，对应于人的解剖测量普通人。将幻像置于MR兼容的流动电路中，蒸馏出60:40水/甘油液混合物粘度为0043Pa * s和密度为1,060kg / m〜3与血液类似。驱动幻像中的工作流体的泵是可编程的，能够将生理流速达到400毫升/秒的峰值流量所述体模被放置飞利浦的Achieva 1.5T的扫描仪内，并成像为具有16元件XL躯干线圈。在250cm / s的VECC中进行4D流量成像。视野是120mm×120 mm×150 mm，体素尺寸为1.5 mm×1.5mm×5mm，14个阶段。其他扫描参数如下：TR = 11ms，TE = 4 ms和TFE因子= 2。

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