Coal mining with backfilling has been widely used in China in the last ten years, Backfill-mining is an effective measure to mine coal resources under buildings and water-bodies and to realize green mining. On the basis of discussing backfill-mining technology in China, backfill-mining is classified into three types according to different backfill materials: bulk backfill, paste backfill and high-water backfill, which are described from the backfill materials, equipments, technologies and effects with the practical applications for example. Finally, restraining factors of backfill-mining and those countermeasures in China are proposed. Coal occupies a significant position in the energy structure in our country, which accounts for about 70% in the energy consumption. Driven rapidly by the requirement, raw coal production is increasing at high speed, reached 3.24 billion tons in 2010, and ranked first in the world. Meanwhile, there are lots of issues in the process of coal mass-production and utilization, such as the rapid moving of the mine activities, coal mining under buildings, railways and water-bodies being badly in the need of solution; lower recovery, serious waste; mass destruction of the earth’s surface zoology and ground water; prominent issue of subsidence which poses the difficulties of comprehensive ecological improvement (Qian et al., 2003). Therefore, backfill-mining is proposed in proper regions so that harmonious development can be realized between coal mining and environment. Backfill technology is a kind of roof controlling technology, using sand, macadam, slag and so on to fill gob in order to support surrounding rock, prevent or lessen its caving and deformation(Xu, 2003). In the last decade, Xingtai, Fengfeng, Xinwen, and fuxin mining groups proceeded the application of backfill-mining in order to recover coal resource under buildings and water-bodies, or dispose wastes such as coal waste. According to different backfill materials, backfill technology can be classified into three types in China: bulk backfill, paste backfill (paste-like backfill) and high-water backfill.
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