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MOLECULAR BASIS OF BERRY SKIN-COLOR MUTATIONS IN GRAPES

机译：葡萄中浆果皮肤色突变的分子基础

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The color of grape skins is determined by the accumulation of anthocyanins. Generally, white cultivars of grape are thought to have arisen from different red cultivars by independent mutations, but the molecular basis of these color mutations has been unknown. Here, we have analyzed Myb-related genes that play a critical role in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in grapes. All of the white- skinned cultivars have a retrotransposon, Gretl, inserted at the same site in the 5'-flanking region of VvmybAl. Two red-skinned sports, independently derived from different white cultivars, carry an allele of VvmybAl from which Gretl has been lost, leaving behind a solo LTR. These results indicate that a retrotransposon insertion in VvmybAl is the molecular basis of white coloration in Italia and Muscat of Alexandria, and that the same mutant allele has spread among many white grape cultivars.
机译：葡萄皮的颜色由花青素的积累决定。通常，葡萄白种品种被独立突变从不同的红品种中出现，但这些颜色突变的分子基础已经未知。在这里，我们分析了在葡萄中的花青素生物合成的调节中发挥着关键作用的MyB相关基因。所有白皮的品种都有一个Retrotransposon，GRETL，插入在VVVMYBAL的5'侧翼区域的同一部位。两个红皮肤运动，独立源于不同的白种品种，携带VVMYBAL的等位基因，从中丢失了GRETL，留下了独奏LTR。这些结果表明，VVMYBAL中的逆转录插入是ITALA和亚历山大的ITALA和MUSCAT的分子基础，并且相同的突变等位基因在许多白葡萄品种中传播。

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