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Frequency Conversion by the Transformation-Optical Analogue of the Cosmological Redshift

机译：通过宇宙红移的变换光学模拟进行频率转换

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摘要

Recently, there has been a lot of interest in electromagnetic analogues of general relativistic effects. Using the techniques of transformation optics, the material parameters of table-top devices have been calculated such that they implement several effects that occur in outer space, e.g., the implementation of an artificial event horizon inside an optical fiber, an inhomogeneous refractive index profile to mimic celestial mechanics, or an omnidirectional absorber based on an equivalence with black holes. In this communication, we show how we have extended the framework of transformation optics to a time-dependent metric-the Robertson-Walker metric, a popular model for our universe describing the cosmological redshift. This redshift occurs due to the expansion of the universe, where a photon of frequency ω_(em) emitted at instance t_(em), will be measured at a different frequency ω_(obs) at time t_(obs). The relation between these two frequencies is given by ω_(obs)α(t_(obs)) = ω_(em)α(t_(em)), where a(t) is the time-dependent scale factor of the expanding universe. Our results show that the transformation-optical analogue of the Robertson-Walker metric is a medium with linear, isotropic, and homogeneous material parameters that evolve as a given function of time. The electromagnetic solutions inside such a medium are frequency shifted according to the cosmological redshift formula. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that a finite slab of such a material allows for the frequency conversion of an optical signal without the creation of unwanted sidebands. Because the medium is linear, the superposition principle remains applicable and arbitrary wavepackets can be converted [V. Ginis, P. Tassin, B. Craps, and I. Veretennicoff Opt. Express 18, 5350-5355 (2010)].
机译：最近，人们对通用相对论效应的电磁类似物产生了浓厚的兴趣。使用转换光学技术，已计算出台式设备的材料参数，以使它们实现在外层空间中发生的多种影响，例如，在光纤内部实现人造事件视界，不均匀的折射率分布等。模仿天体力学，或基于与黑洞等效的全向吸收体。在这次交流中，我们展示了如何将变换光学的框架扩展到与时间相关的度量标准-罗伯逊-沃克度量标准，这是我们宇宙描述宇宙红移的流行模型。这种红移是由于宇宙的扩张而发生的，在实例t_（em）处发射的频率为ω_（em）的光子将在时间t_（obs）处以不同的频率ω_（obs）进行测量。这两个频率之间的关系由ω_（obs）α（t_（obs））=ω_（em）α（t_（em））给出，其中a（t）是扩展宇宙的时间相关比例因子。我们的结果表明，Robertson-Walker度量的变换光学类似物是一种具有线性，各向同性和均质材料参数的介质，该参数随时间的变化而变化。这种介质内部的电磁溶液根据宇宙学红移公式进行频移。此外，我们已经证明了这种材料的有限平板允许光信号的频率转换而不会产生不想要的边带。因为介质是线性的，所以叠加原理仍然适用，并且可以转换任意波包[V。 Ginis，P.Tassin，B.Craps和I.Veretennicoff选项Express 18，5350-5355（2010）。

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  • 来源
    《Metamaterials: Fundamentals and applications IV》|2011年|p.80931M.1-80931M.7|共7页
  • 会议地点 San Diego CA(US)
  • 作者

    Vincent Ginis; Philippe Tassin; Ben Craps; Irina Veretennicoff;

  • 作者单位

    Applied Physics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel,Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium;

    Applied Physics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel,Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium,Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, and Department of Physics and Astronomy,Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA;

    Department of Physics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and The International Solvay Institutes,Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium;

    Applied Physics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel,Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium,Department of Physics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and The International Solvay Institutes,Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium;

  • 会议组织
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 材料;
  • 关键词

    metamaterials; transformation optics; frequency conversion; electromagnetic waves; cosmology;

    机译：超材料转换光学；变频;电磁波宇宙学;

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