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The Fate of Gadolinium Contrast Media in Drinking Water Treatment

机译:d造影剂在饮用水处理中的去向

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The consequences for the water treatment practice can be summarized as follows: Excess of metal salts can quantitatively release Gd~(3+) ions from Gd-DTPA. The portion of released Gd~(3+) ions is dependent on the pH, the concentration of metal ions in solution and other competing complexants like humic or fulvic acids. In the flocculation process low concentrations of iron ions in solution result in about 20 % transformation of Gd-DTPA. From that roughly half of the released Gd~(3+) ions are removed by the flocs. The same applies for Al(Ⅲ) salts. In house installation predominantly Cu(Ⅱ) ions reveal as strong competitors for DTPA. Zn(Ⅱ) ions act much weaker, but have to be considered if present in high excess compared to Gd-DTPA.
机译:水处理实践的后果可归纳如下:过量的金属盐可以从Gd-DTPA定量释放Gd〜(3+)离子。释放的Gd〜(3+)离子的部分取决于pH值,溶液中金属离子的浓度以及其他竞争性络合物(如腐殖酸或富里酸)。在絮凝过程中,溶液中低浓度的铁离子会导致Gd-DTPA转化率约20%。絮凝物从中除去了大约一半的释放的Gd〜(3+)离子。 Al(Ⅲ)盐也是如此。在室内安装中,Cu(Ⅱ)离子是DTPA的强大竞争者。 Zn(Ⅱ)离子的作用要弱得多,但与Gd-DTPA相比,如果存在过量,则必须考虑。

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