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Remote enzyme activation using gold coated magnetite as antennae for radiofrequency fields

机译：使用镀金磁铁矿作为射频场的天线进行远程酶活化

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摘要

The emerging field of remote enzyme activation, or the ability to remotely turn thermophilic increase enzyme activity, could be a valuable tool for understanding cellular processes. Through exploitation of the temperature dependence of enzymatic processes and high thermal stability of thermophilic enzymes these experiments utilize nanoparticles as 'antennae' that convert radiofrequency (RF) radiation into local heat, increasing activity of the enzymes without increasing the temperature of the surrounding bulk solution. To investigate this possible tool, thermolysin, a metalloprotease was covalently conjugated to 4nm gold coated magnetite particles via peptide bond formation with the protecting ligand shell. RF stimulated protease activity at 17.76 MHz in a solenoid shaped antenna, utilizing both electric and magnetic field interactions was investigated. On average 40 percent higher protease activity was observed in the radio frequency fields then when bulk heating the sample to the same temperature. This is attributed to electrophoretic motion of the nanoparticle enzyme conjugates and local regions of heat generated by the relaxation of the magnetite cores with the oscillating field. Radio frequency local heating of nanoparticles conjugated to enzymes as demonstrated could be useful in the activation of specific enzymes in complex cellular environments.
机译：远程酶激活的新兴领域，或远程转变嗜热酶活性的能力，可能是了解细胞过程的重要工具。通过利用酶促过程的温度依赖性和嗜热酶的高热稳定性，这些实验利用纳米颗粒作为“天线”，将射频（RF）辐射转换为局部热量，从而在不增加周围整体溶液温度的情况下提高了酶的活性。为了研究这种可能的工具，嗜热菌蛋白酶，金属蛋白酶通过与保护性配体壳形成的肽键共价结合到4nm镀金的磁铁矿颗粒上。利用电磁场相互作用，研究了螺线管形天线中RF刺激的17.76 MHz蛋白酶活性。与将样品批量加热到相同温度时相比，在射频场中平均观察到蛋白酶活性高出40％。这归因于纳米粒子酶结合物的电泳运动和磁铁矿芯随振荡场的松弛而产生的局部热区。如图所示，与酶结合的纳米颗粒的射频局部加热可用于复杂细胞环境中特定酶的活化。

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