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Magnetic wire as stress controlled micro-rheometer for cytoplasm viscosity measurements

机译：电磁线作为应力控制的微流变仪，用于细胞质粘度测量

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We review here different methods to measure the bulk viscosity of complex fluids using micron-sized magnetic wires. The wires are characterized by length of a few microns and diameter of a few hundreds of nanometers. We first draw analogies between cone-and-plate rheometry and wire-based microrheology. In particular we highlight that magnetic wires can be operated as stress-controlled rheometers for two types of testing, the creep-recovery and steady shear experiments. In the context of biophysical applications, the cytoplasm of different cell lines including fibroblasts, epithelial and tumor cells is studied. It reveals that the interior of living cells can be described as a viscoelastic liquid with a static viscosity comprised between 10 and 100 Pas. We extend the previous approaches and show that the proposed technique can also provide time resolved viscosity data, which for cells display strong temporal fluctuations. The present work demonstrates the high potential of the magnetic wires for quantitative rheometry in confined espaces.
机译：我们在这里回顾使用微米尺寸的电磁线测量复杂流体的体积粘度的不同方法。这些线的特征在于几微米的长度和几百纳米的直径。我们首先在锥板流变学和线基微流变学之间进行类比。特别要强调的是，可以将电磁线用作应力控制的流变仪，以进行两种类型的测试，即蠕变恢复和稳态剪切实验。在生物物理应用的背景下，研究了包括成纤维细胞，上皮细胞和肿瘤细胞在内的不同细胞系的细胞质。结果表明，活细胞的内部可以描述为一种粘弹性液体，其静态粘度在10至100 Pas之间。我们扩展了以前的方法，并表明，所提出的技术还可以提供时间分辨的粘度数据，该数据对于细胞显示强烈的时间波动。本工作证明了在有限的空间中电磁线在定量流变学方面的巨大潜力。

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