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首页> 外文会议>NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Enhancing Urban Environment: Environmental Upgrading of Municipal Pollution Control Facilities and Restoration of Urban Waters; 20031106-09; Rome(IT) >BULGARIAN POLICY AND ACTIONS FOR MUNICIPAL WWTPs CONSTRUCTION AND UPGRADING
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BULGARIAN POLICY AND ACTIONS FOR MUNICIPAL WWTPs CONSTRUCTION AND UPGRADING

机译：保加利亚关于城市污水处理厂建设和升级的政策和行动

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About 3,500 million EUR have to be invested for the development, upgrading, reconstruction and rehabilitation of the urban water infrastructure in Bulgaria, including 2,200 million EUR for the sewer networks and WWTPs. Support from the international financial institutions and participation of the private sector are considered to be crucial importance for the implementation of relevant projects. Currently 41 municipal wastewater treatment plants (out of 61 plants in operation in the country) use conventional secondary treatment technologies and serve 67 population centres with about 40% of the country population. In the Implementation Programme for WWTPs, 430 municipal WWTPs are scheduled for implementation by 2015, among which 61 are already in operation, 12 are to be completed in the near future and for 19 plants the design documentation is available. In Stage I of the National Programme for WWTPs (covering the period up to 2007) 36 municipal WWTPs are included in the first priority group for construction, completion, reconstruction or upgrading at a cost of 325.5 million EUR. Technological flowcharts of almost all the existing WWTPs, most of which are expected to require reconstruction and upgrading, do not comply with the requirements of the newly established Sensitive Zones Ordinance or meet them only partially. Furthermore, almost all of the WWTPs technological flowcharts include chlorination for disinfection, which is forbidden in the EU. In this respect disinfection with ultra-violet irradiation is recommended, which was originally planned only at one WWTP. Significant infiltration is observed in almost all of the sewer networks currently in operation, which changes drastically the wastewater quality parameters and creates serious problems for implementing advanced wastewater treatment technologies, and biological nutrient removal, in particular. Nevertheless most of the WWTPs design projects do not consider the fact of wastewater dilution and assume "normal" wastewater quality, which makes them inadequate. The general conclusion is that the flowcharts of the WWTPs under consideration need to be modified and additional funding be secured for their implementation in very near future. In this respect the implementation of several advanced wastewater treatment technologies is suggested, including those which are suitable for highly diluted wastewater.
机译：保加利亚将需要投资35亿欧元用于发展，升级，重建和修复保加利亚的城市水基础设施，其中22亿欧元将用于下水道网络和污水处理厂。国际金融机构的支持和私营部门的参与被认为对执行相关项目至关重要。目前，有41个市政废水处理厂（在该国运营的61个污水处理厂中）使用常规的二次处理技术，为67个人口中心服务，约占该国人口的40％。在《污水处理厂实施计划》中，计划到2015年实施430个市政污水处理厂，其中61个已经投入运行，其中12个将在不久的将来完成，有19个工厂可获得设计文件。在国家污水处理厂计划的第一阶段（截止到2007年），建设，完工，重建或升级的优先项目包括36个市政污水处理厂，耗资3.255亿欧元。几乎所有现有污水处理厂的技术流程图，其中大多数都需要进行重建和升级，不符合新制定的《敏感区条例》的要求，或仅部分满足这些要求。此外，几乎所有的污水处理厂技术流程图都包括氯化消毒法，这在欧盟是被禁止的。在这方面，建议使用紫外线辐射进行消毒，该消毒原先仅计划在一个污水处理厂进行。在目前运行的几乎所有下水道网络中都观察到了明显的渗透，这大大改变了废水的质量参数，并给实施先进的废水处理技术，尤其是生物营养物去除带来了严重的问题。但是，大多数污水处理厂的设计项目都没有考虑废水稀释的事实，并假设废水质量为“正常”，这使废水处理不充分。总的结论是，所考虑的污水处理厂的流程图需要修改，并为不久的将来的实施获得更多的资金。在这方面，建议实施几种先进的废水处理技术，包括那些适用于高稀释废水的技术。

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