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首页> 外文会议>NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Freshwater Budget of the Arctic Ocean, Apr 27-May 1, 1998, Tallinn, Estonia >DISCHARGE OBSERVATION NETWORKS IN ARCTIC REGIONS: COMPUTATION OF THE RIVER RUNOFF INTO THE ARCTIC OCEAN, ITS SEASONALITY AND VARIABILITY
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DISCHARGE OBSERVATION NETWORKS IN ARCTIC REGIONS: COMPUTATION OF THE RIVER RUNOFF INTO THE ARCTIC OCEAN, ITS SEASONALITY AND VARIABILITY

机译：北极地区的放电观测网络：计算进入北极的河流径流，其季节和变异性

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摘要

On the basis of observed river discharge, our studies contribute to a better quantification of the Arctic Ocean Freshwater Budget. Based on 235 gauging stations in the Arctic River Database, 35 rivers have been selected on the basis of representativeness for the calculation of the volume-sum of discharge into the Arctic Ocean. The selected rivers drain an area of 12.9 million km~2 with an annual total discharge of 2603 km~3 into the Arctic Ocean. The gauged area of the selected rivers accounts for 70 % of the Arctic region depicted in Figure 1. The error bandwidth resulting from discharge measurements, the use of different time series and the lack of observations from melting processes and subsurface flows add to the uncertainties associated with the computation of total river discharge into the Arctic Ocean. For the analysis of variability and seasonality as well as for tests on trends and jumps in the time series, four rivers have been selected which account for about 68 % of the volume-sum of river discharge into the Arctic Ocean. Climatic variability markedly influences the timing of the melt period around the month of May, and hence river discharge into the Arctic Ocean. Approximately 79 % of the yearly runoff occurs in the months May - September. The more continental the climate, the more extreme the ratio of minimum to maximum discharge. In monthly series, increases in discharge have occurred from November to April in Siberia and from February to May in North America. A decrease in discharge is only observed in Siberia between July and September, the latter month being common to all rivers. The monthly variability of the volume-sum discharge into the Arctic Ocean cannot be computed with sufficient accuracy due to the inadequate overlap of the time series of the available river records. Only for the Yenisei river significant jumps and trends occur in annual series. The observed jumps and trends in time series need to be further examined for their causality.
机译：在观察到的河流流量的基础上，我们的研究有助于更好地量化北冰洋淡水预算。根据北极河数据库中的235个测量站，已根据代表性选择了35条河流，以计算向北冰洋排放的流量总和。选定的河流流域面积为1,290万千米2，每年向北冰洋的总排放量为2603 km 3。所选河流的标定面积占图1所示北极地区的70％。流量测量，不同时间序列的使用以及融化过程和地下流量缺乏观测结果导致的误差带宽增加了相关的不确定性。计算流入北冰洋的总河流量。为了分析变异性和季节性以及对时间序列的趋势和跃迁进行测试，选择了四条河流，它们约占流入北冰洋的河流总量的68％。气候多变性显着影响5月左右融化期的时间安排，从而影响到北冰洋的河流排放。在每年的径流中，约有79％发生在5月-9月。气候越大陆性，最小排放量与最大排放量之比就越极端。在月度系列中，西伯利亚的11月至4月和北美的2月至5月排放量增加。西伯利亚的排放量仅在7月至9月之间观察到，下个月是所有河流共同的。由于可用河流记录的时间序列重叠不足，因此无法足够准确地计算出流入北冰洋的总和量的每月变化。仅对于叶尼塞河，年序列会出现明显的跳跃和趋势。需要进一步检查观察到的跳跃和时间序列趋势是否有因果关系。

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