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首页> 外文会议>NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Soil Quality in Relation tot Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Environmental Security in Central and Eastern Europe, Oct 13-17, 1997, Pulawy, Poland >OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN THE CEECs WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON POLAND
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OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN THE CEECs WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON POLAND

机译：波兰特别重视的中东欧国家可持续农业发展机会

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The last decade of the 20th century has witnessed a thorough re-orientation of agricultural policy towards economic liberalism. This is how the major actors on the world agricultural markets have reacted to costly intervention policies persistently pursued from the 30s on. Among the advocates of liberal agricultural policy there are huge exporters (including mainly the USA), GATT/WTO, and the European Union. The group is complemented, though not without resistance, by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEECs). Liberal agricultural policies encourage capital consuming intensification, concentration on production, increased engagement of resources, etc. Such a system of agricultural development threatens the environment because of the increased use of environmental resources per unit of agricultural product. This process is reinforced by the fact that domestic competition must move to an international level. This is a new factor because the process may farmers to behave in an anti-environmental way, leading to a decrease in the quality of foodstuffs they produce. On the other hand, consumers require the agriculture and food industry to produce higher quality products and, for example, the demand for organic food is increasing and becoming more and more pervasive. In fact, organic food is setting a standard and this trend seems to be irreversible. All these factors create a conflict between the logic of the economic system - which encourages capital consuming intensification, increasing production as well as the use of environmental resources -and the demand structure for food which is gradually moving towards so called organic food. The EU has tried to mitigate the conflict created by production and market policies by launching budget-consuming environmental schemes. These issues are governed by regulation no 2078/92 which provides the EU Member States with the possibility of supporting organic farming.
机译：20世纪的最后十年见证了农业政策向经济自由主义的彻底重新定位。这就是世界农产品市场上的主要参与者对30年代以来一直奉行的昂贵干预政策的反应。自由农业政策的倡导者中有庞大的出口国（主要包括美国），关贸总协定/世界贸易组织和欧盟。中欧和东欧（CEEC）国家对该集团进行了补充，尽管并非没有抵抗。自由农业政策鼓励资本消耗集约化，集中于生产，增加资源参与等。由于每单位农产品对环境资源的利用增加，这种农业发展系统威胁环境。国内竞争必须走向国际水平这一事实进一步加强了这一进程。这是一个新因素，因为该过程可能使农民以反环境的方式行事，从而导致他们生产的食品质量下降。另一方面，消费者要求农业和食品工业生产更高质量的产品，例如，对有机食品的需求正在增加并且变得越来越普遍。实际上，有机食品正在树立标准，这种趋势似乎是不可逆转的。所有这些因素在经济体系的逻辑（鼓励资本消耗集约化，增加生产以及对环境资源的利用）与正在逐步走向所谓的有机食品的食品需求结构之间造成冲突。欧盟已尝试通过启动耗费预算的环境计划来缓解由生产和市场政策造成的冲突。这些问题受第2078/92号法规的约束，该法规为欧盟成员国提供了支持有机农业的可能性。

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