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首页> 外文会议>NATO Advanced Study Institute on Nanostructured Carbon for Advanced Applications Jul 19-31, 2000, Erice, Sicily, Italy >DIFFRACTION BYCARBON-BASED TUBULAR AND HELICAL STRUCTURES
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DIFFRACTION BYCARBON-BASED TUBULAR AND HELICAL STRUCTURES

机译：基于碳的管状和螺旋结构的衍射

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摘要

In the Periodic Table of the Elements carbon is listed as crystallizing in the hexagonal structure. Illustrated in Fig.la, the structure, consists of planar layers of carbon atoms arranged in honeycomb lattices called graphene sheets. Within a sheet, the atoms are covalently bonded, with a valency of 3, to three equidistant neighbors 0.14 nm away. The sheets are loosely piled up on top of each other every 0.34 nm in an alternating ABAB... sequence producing a three-dimensional structure of hexagonal unit cell. There are various other stacking arrangements possible but this need not concern us here. This allotrope, known as graphite, is the most stable and most abundant solid form of pure carbon found in nature. A slightly less stable but vastly less abundant crystallographic form is diamond which has the cubic structure shown in Fig.lb. Here each atom, exhibiting valency 4, is covalently coordinated to four neighbors at the apexes of a regular tetrahedron.
机译：在元素周期表中，碳以六方结构的结晶形式列出。如图1a所示，该结构由排列在称为石墨烯片的蜂窝状格子中的碳原子平面层组成。在一个薄片中，原子以3的价键共价键合到0.14 nm外的三个等距邻居。这些片以交替的ABAB ...顺序每0.34 nm松散地堆叠在一起，产生六边形晶胞的三维结构。还有其他各种堆叠方式，但这在这里无需我们关注。这种同素异形体被称为石墨，是自然界中最稳定，最丰富的纯碳固体形式。钻石的晶体形式稍不稳定，但丰度却差得多。钻石具有图1b所示的立方结构。在这里，每个原子的化合价为4，在规则四面体的顶点处共价配位至四个邻居。

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