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首页> 外文会议>NATO Advanced Study Institute on Photovoltaic and Photoactive Materials - Properties, Technology and Applications Sep 9-21, 2001 Sozopol, Bulgaria >PHOTOVOLTAIC MATERIALS, AN OVERVIEW OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT, CURRENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND FUTURE SCOPE
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PHOTOVOLTAIC MATERIALS, AN OVERVIEW OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT, CURRENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND FUTURE SCOPE

机译：光伏材料，历史发展概况，当前最新技术和未来范围

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An overview has been given of the different materials and structures for photovoltaic conversion. What is the ideal PV material and structure? The answer is not so simple. Two different approaches can be taken: either to develop a solar cell with >20% efficiency at moderate cost, or to develop a low cost cell of lower efficiency. One also has to bear in mind the stability of materials, and their abundances (especially for large scale production). The solar cell parameter of primary importance is the energy conversion efficiency. The maximum possible value depends on the energy band structure of the semiconductor responsible for the PV effect. Of course, aspects like the ease of production, availability of materials, long-term stability, environmental considerations and the market situation are also important. Figure 28 shows the historical development of efficiencies achieved by PV devices under manufacturing conditions. The efficiencies of thin film cells have always lagged by about 7-8% behind those for crystalline Si ones, for several reasons: ⅰ) Crystalline Si cells profit from huge research and development efforts in all areas of semiconductor industry. ⅱ) Crystalline Si is the best-investigated semiconductor material. ⅲ) Amorphous Si and the compound semiconductors suitable for thin film cells are much more complicated in terms of materials properties. ⅳ) The crystalline quality of semiconductor films deposited non-epitaxially onto amorphous substrates cannot be as perfect as that of monocrystalline or even multicrystalline Si wafers.
机译：已经给出了用于光伏转换的不同材料和结构的概述。理想的光伏材料和结构是什么？答案不是那么简单。可以采用两种不同的方法：以中等成本开发效率> 20％的太阳能电池，或开发效率较低的低成本电池。还必须牢记材料的稳定性及其丰富性（特别是对于大规模生产而言）。最重要的太阳能电池参数是能量转换效率。最大可能值取决于负责PV效应的半导体的能带结构。当然，诸如易于生产，材料可用性，长期稳定性，环境因素和市场状况等方面也很重要。图28显示了光伏器件在制造条件下实现效率的历史发展。薄膜电池的效率始终落后于晶体硅电池的效率约7-8％，原因如下：ⅰ）晶体硅电池得益于半导体行业各个领域的大量研发工作。 ⅱ）晶体硅是研究最多的半导体材料。 ⅲ）就材料特性而言，非晶硅和适用于薄膜电池的化合物半导体要复杂得多。 ⅳ）非外延沉积在非晶衬底上的半导体膜的晶体质量不能像单晶硅或什至多晶硅晶片那样完美。

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