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首页> 外文会议>NATO Advanced Study Institute on Quantum Mesoscopic Phenomena and Mesoscopic Devices in Microelectronics Jun 13-25, 1999 Ankara, Turkey >TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY OF METALLIC QUANTUM DOTS
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TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY OF METALLIC QUANTUM DOTS

机译：金属量子点的隧道光谱

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摘要

A quantum dot is an isolated piece of conducting material which forms a small enough "box" that the confinement of electrons within it leads to resolvable discrete quantum energy levels, as opposed to the continuum of energies in a sample of macroscopic size. Here we specifically address metallic quantum dots produced by deposition of a thin, granular film onto an insulating substrate, from which a single selected grain is connected to two electrical leads by high-resistance, low-capacitance tunnel junctions. If these leads have tunneling resistances well in excess of the quantum resistance R_Q=h/e~2 (approx=) 23 kΩ, the number of electrons on the grain is a good quantum number. This number can be changed one at a time by tunneling processes through the junctions and the equilibrium number also can be controlled by an additional gate electrode which is coupled only electrostatically to the grain under study. In such a system, it is possible to carry out tunneling spectroscopy measurements which directly reveal the structure of the energy eigenvalues of the electrons in a small metallic grain which typically contains a few thousand conduction electrons. Such measurements were first carried out a few years ago by Ralph, Black, and myself on nanograins of Al. More recent measurements have extended this work to nanop articles of the heavy metal Au and to alloys of Al and Au. This more recent work has pointed up the need to go beyond the simple single-electron model, which was used for an initial understanding of the spectra, to include both the Coulomb interaction between electrons and the spin-orbit interaction, as well as the role of nonequilibrium electronic populations and the Thouless energy, in order to gain an understanding of all the observations. In this paper, I shall review how such spectra can be observed and the evolving progress that has been made in interpreting these observations.
机译：量子点是一个隔离的导电材料，形成一个足够小的“盒子”，使得电子在其中的局限性导致了可分辨的离散量子能级，这与宏观尺寸样品中的连续能量相反。在这里，我们专门针对通过在绝缘基板上沉积一层细小的颗粒状薄膜而产生的金属量子点，从中选择出的单个颗粒通过高电阻，低电容的隧道结与两条电导线相连。如果这些引线的隧穿电阻远超过量子电阻R_Q = h / e〜2（大约=）23kΩ，则晶粒上的电子数就是一个好的量子数。该数量可以通过穿过结的隧穿过程一次更改一次，并且平衡数量也可以由附加的栅电极控制，该栅电极仅与研究中的谷物静电耦合。在这样的系统中，可以进行隧道光谱测量，该测量直接揭示通常包含几千个传导电子的小金属晶粒中电子的能量本征值的结构。这种测量是几年前由Ralph，Black和我本人在Al纳米颗粒上首次进行的。最近的测量将这项工作扩展到了重金属Au的纳米制品以及Al和Au的合金。这项最新的工作指出，有必要超越简单的单电子模型（该模型用于对光谱进行初步理解），包括电子之间的库仑相互作用和自旋轨道相互作用以及作用。非平衡电子种群和Thouless能量，以便了解所有观察结果。在本文中，我将回顾如何观察这种光谱以及在解释这些观察方面所取得的进展。

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