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首页> 外文会议>NATO Mediterranean Dialogue Workshop on Desertification in the Mediterranean Region. A Security Issue; 20031202-05; Valencia(ES) >IMPACT OF FOREST FIRES ON HYDROLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN FOREST SOIL
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IMPACT OF FOREST FIRES ON HYDROLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A TYPICAL MEDITERRANEAN FOREST SOIL

机译：森林火灾对典型地中海森林土壤水文性质的影响

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摘要

Fire is one of the most important determining factors in the evolution of Mediterranean ecosystems. Its effects on soil are plural and diverse, acting on structure, chemical and physical properties, biota etc. Among them, the induced variations on soil water dynamics are of key importance for the recovery of the entire ecosystem and in the soil response to erosion processes. Forest fires are also a factor, triggering the risk of desertification. The aim of this study is to assess the impact effect of different fire intensities on soil hydrology and on runoff generation. This work was developed in the Permanent Experimental Field Station of La Concordia with nine plots (4 x 20 m), installed in a calcareous hillside, representative of Mediterranean shrubland areas. Experimental fires, of two intensity levels were carried out. Three plots were burned reaching high fire intensity and three other plots were burned with moderate intensity and the remaining plots were left undisturbed as control. Soil water content, water retention capacity and pF curves were measured together with runoff generation dynamics, in the different plots. The intrinsic characteristics of each rain event occurred up until a year after the fires and runoff generated on them was monitored. The data obtained was compared with the state of the plots after seven years, during the 2000-2002 period. In this period 24 rain events with runoff generation occurred, with average rainfall intensities (I_(30)) around 10mm h~(-1). Both fire treatments show significant differences with respect to the Control plots, which are reflected in a value of runoff production of 76.84% as an average, less than the burned plots. Between fire treatments, the plots that burned with high intensity, show the highest values of runoff yield. However, infiltration rates do not give significant differences between fire treatments. In the same way, plots that suffer a high intensity fire show greater values (22.50 cm~3 cm~(-3)) on water retention capacity than the other treatments, giving significant differences with the Moderate intensity plots and Control plots. Differences on this parameter between plots burned with Moderate intensity and the Control plots were observed but they were not statistically significant. The obtained pF curves show the same tendencies, being the greatest water content retained at pF of 2 in the burned plots and in the Control plots at pF of 4.2. The effect of fire degrading the vegetation cover and by means of the temperature impact on soil, produce changes in its structural characteristics and porosity, affecting soil water distribution and the effective response on water erosion processes.
机译：火灾是地中海生态系统演变的最重要决定因素之一。它对土壤的影响是多种多样的，并影响结构，化学和物理特性，生物群等。其中，土壤水动力学的诱发变化对于整个生态系统的恢复和土壤对侵蚀过程的响应至关重要。 。森林火灾也是引发荒漠化风险的一个因素。这项研究的目的是评估不同火势对土壤水文和径流产生的影响。这项工作是在La Concordia的永久实验野外站开发的，有9个样地（4 x 20 m），安装在钙质山坡上，代表地中海灌木丛地区。进行了两个强度级别的实验性火灾。燃烧了三块达到高火强度的地块，其余三块以中等强度燃烧了，其余的块保持原样。在不同的样地中，测量了土壤含水量，保水能力和pF曲线以及径流生成动力学。每次降雨事件的内在特征一直持续到火灾发生并监测了一年后才发生。将获得的数据与2000-2002年七年后的样地状态进行比较。在此期间，发生了24起降雨并产生了径流，平均降雨强度（I_（30））约为10mm h〜（-1）。两种火灾处理均显示出与对照地块的显着差异，这反映在平均径流产生值为76.84％的水平上，少于燃烧过的地块。在火灾处理之间，以高强度燃烧的地块显示出最高的径流产量值。但是，渗透率在防火处理之间并没有显着差异。同样，遭受高强度火灾的地块的保水能力显示出比其他处理更高的值（22.50 cm〜3 cm〜（-3）），与中等强度地块和控制地块存在显着差异。观察到以中等强度燃烧的样区与对照样区之间在此参数上的差异，但差异无统计学意义。所获得的pF曲线显示出相同的趋势，即在燃烧区和控制区的pF为4.2时，最大水含量保持在pF为2时。火的作用是破坏植被，并通过温度对土壤的影响，改变其结构特征和孔隙度，影响土壤水的分布以及对水蚀过程的有效响应。

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