In this paper, we evolve digital circuits for public-key cryptosystems. The methodology used is based on genetic programming. The evolutionary process attempts to minimise the hardware area required to implement modular multiplication and exponentiation. It does so while it also attempts to optimise the encryption and decryption time, by considering multiple objectives. We show that the evolved designs are shielded against side-channel leakage. We compare our results against existing and well-known designs, which were produced by human designers.
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