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Graphene for thermoelectronic solar energy conversion

机译：石墨烯用于热电子太阳能转化

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Graphene is a high temperature material which can stand temperature as high as 4600 K in vacuum. Even though its work function is high (4.6 eV) the thermionic emission current density at such temperature is very high. Graphene is a wonderful material whose work function can be engineered as desired. Kwon et al41 reported a chemical approach to reduce work function of graphene using K2CO3, Li_2CO_3, Rb_2CO_3, Cs_2CO_3. The work functions are reported to be 3.7 eV, 3.8 eV, 3.5 eV and 3.4 eV. Even though they did not report the high temperature tolerance of such alkali metal carbonate doped graphene, their works open a great promise for use of pure graphene and doped graphene as emitter (cathode) and collector (anode) in a solar thermionic energy converter. This paper discusses the dynamics of solar energy conversion to electrical energy using thermionic energy converter with graphene as emitter and collector. We have considered parabolic mirror concentrator to focus solar energy onto the emitter to achieve temperature around 4300 K. Our theoretical calculations and the modelling show that efficiency as high as 55% can easily be achieved if space-charge problem can be reduced and the collector can be cooled to certain proper temperature. We have discussed methods of controlling the associated space-charge problems. Richardson-Dushman equation modified by the authors have been used in this modelling. Such solar energy conversion would reduce the dependence on silicon solar panel and has great potential for future applications.
机译：石墨烯是一种高温材料，可以在真空中承受高达4600 K的温度。即使其功函数很高（4.6 eV），在这种温度下的热电子发射电流密度也很高。石墨烯是一种极好的材料，其功函数可以根据需要进行设计。 Kwon等[41]报告了一种化学方法，该方法使用K2CO3，Li_2CO_3，Rb_2CO_3，Cs_2CO_3降低石墨烯的功函。据报道功函数为3.7 eV，3.8 eV，3.5 eV和3.4 eV。即使他们没有报告这种碱金属碳酸盐掺杂的石墨烯的高温耐受性，他们的工作也为在太阳能热电子能量转换器中使用纯石墨烯和掺杂的石墨烯作为发射极（阴极）和集电极（阳极）打开了广阔的前景。本文讨论了使用以石墨烯为发射极和收集极的热离子能量转换器将太阳能转换为电能的动力学。我们已经考虑了抛物线镜式聚光器，将太阳能聚焦到发射器上，以达到约4300 K的温度。我们的理论计算和模型表明，如果可以减少空间电荷问题并且集热器可以降低效率，则可以轻松实现高达55％的效率。冷却到适当的温度。我们已经讨论了控制相关空间电荷问题的方法。由作者修改的Richardson-Dushman方程已用于此建模中。这种太阳能转换将减少对硅太阳能电池板的依赖，并具有未来应用的巨大潜力。

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