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首页> 外文会议>Nickel and Cobalt 2005-Challenges in Extraction and Production >Role of technical innovation on production delivery at the Polokwane Smelter
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Role of technical innovation on production delivery at the Polokwane Smelter

机译：技术创新对Polokwane冶炼厂生产交付的作用

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摘要

The single six-in-line furnace of the Polokwane Smelter is the largest installed high-intensity furnace for platinum group metals (PGM) base metals sulphide smelting in the world. The furnace employs state-of-the art technology to deliver a planned throughput of 650 000 t/a dry concentrate at a design 68 MW power input. This furnace, at double the capacity of previously existing PGM furnaces, offers low unit operating and capital cost through the resulting economies of scale. Key features of the design include: use of water-cooled copper HATCH matte tapblocks, Waffle, plate and flanker coolers 1. patent-pending air-cooled copper fin radiator sidewall cooling of matte zone 2. patent-pending wall hold-down spring system 3. effective 3-dimensional furnace binding system 4. patent-pending HATCH electrodes 5. operation aided by HATCH Integrated Furnace Controller (IFC). Paramount to the design of the furnace was consideration of the process requirement to achieve high-intensity smelting of a high proportion of UG2 feed containing up to 4% Cr_2O_3 content. Operation at higher slag Cr_2O_3 levels leads directly to higher bath temperatures. It also increases the potential for undesirable precipitation of solid spinel phases at the matte-slag interface, or as build-up on the hearth. Fundamental to addressing the chrome issue was selection of adequate transformer capacity to permit operation at deep electrode immersion (immersed up to 75% of the slag layer thickness) and ability to operate at high hearth power density (up to 250 kW/m~2) to substantially prevent build-up of spinel on the hearth. Such build-up, if not otherwise controlled, rapidly reduces the effective bath volume for smelting, and can lead to premature furnace stoppage. Adoption of the water-cooled copper HATCH Waffle coolers in the slag zone is key to permitting sustainable operation at the high resulting sidewall heat fluxes (design of 110 kW/m~2 average, 220 kW/m~2 furnace global peak (cooling water design), and over 440 kW/m~2 cooler design peak). It also permits operation with reduced lime addition as a basic slag conditioner, so lowering the specific energy requirement for smelting. A further, but little appreciated metallurgical benefit of highly stirred high-intensity smelting, is the exceptionally low slag PGM losses that result. These and other pertinent operational features facilitated by the up-front selection of an appropriate high-intensity furnace design will be presented.
机译：Polokwane冶炼厂的单列六管炉是世界上安装的最大的用于铂族金属（PGM）贱金属硫化物冶炼的高强度炉。该熔炉采用最先进的技术，以68兆瓦的设计功率输入提供65万吨/年干精矿的计划产量。该炉的容量是以前的PGM炉的两倍，可通过由此产生的规模经济来降低单位运行成本和资本成本。设计的主要特征包括：使用水冷式HATCH铜质哑光丝锥，华夫格，平板和侧板冷却器1.哑面区域的正在申请专利的风冷铜翅片散热器侧壁冷却2.壁挂式弹簧系统正在申请专利3.有效的3维熔炉绑定系统4.正在申请专利的HATCH电极5.由HATCH集成炉控制器（IFC）辅助的操作。对于熔炉的设计，最重要的是要考虑到高强度冶炼高比例的UG2进料（含Cr_2O_3含量高达4％）的工艺要求。在较高的渣Cr_2O_3水平下运行会直接导致较高的熔池温度。它还增加了在雾状熔渣界面上不希望有的固体尖晶石相沉淀或在炉床上堆积的可能性。解决铬问题的基础是选择足够的变压器容量，以允许在深电极浸没时（浸入炉渣层厚度的75％）进行操作，以及在高炉膛功率密度（最高250 kW / m〜2）下进行操作的能力。基本上防止尖晶石在炉床上堆积。如果不进行其他控制，这种堆积会迅速降低有效熔池的体积，从而导致熔炉过早停止。在炉渣区采用水冷式铜制HATCH华夫冷却器是确保在高的侧壁热通量（平均110 kW / m〜2、220 kW / m〜2炉的全球峰值设计（冷却水）下可持续运行的关键设计），并且冷却器设计峰值超过440 kW / m〜2。作为基本的炉渣调节剂，还可以减少石灰的添加量来运行，因此降低了冶炼的单位能耗。高度搅拌的高强度熔炼的另一个冶金益处却是很少得到赏识的冶金结果，那就是所产生的极低的炉渣PGM损失。将介绍通过预先选择合适的高强度熔炉设计而促进的这些及其他相关操作功能。

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