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Limiting acceptance angle to maximize efficiency in solar cells

机译：限制接收角度以最大化太阳能电池的效率

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Within a detailed balance formalism, the open circuit voltage of a solar cell can be found by taking the band gap energy and accounting for the losses associated with various sources of entropy increase. Often, the largest of these energy losses is due to the entropy associated with spontaneous emission. This entropy increase occurs because non-concentrating solar cells generally emit into 2n steradian, while the solid angle subtended by the sun is only 6.85×10~(-5) steradian. Thus, for direct normal irradiance, non-concentrating solar cells with emission and acceptance angle limited to a narrow range around the sun could see significant enhancements in open circuit voltage and efficiency. With the high degree of light trapping we expect given the narrow acceptance angle and the ray optics brightness theorem, the optimal cell thickness will result in a discrete modal structure for most materials. Thus, limiting the acceptance and emission angle can be thought of as coupling to only a subset of radiating modes, or, alternatively, as altering the modal structure such that some radiating modes become bound modes. We have shown the correspondence between the ray optics picture and the modal picture, by deriving the ray optics results for light trapping under angular restrictions using a modal formulation. Using this modal formulation we can predict the light trapping and efficiencies for various thin structures under angular restriction. We will discuss these predicted efficiencies and various options for implementing broadband and angle-specific couplers.
机译：在详细的平衡形式上，可以通过获取带隙能量并考虑与各种熵源相关的损耗来找到太阳能电池的开路电压。通常，这些能量损失中最大的是与自发发射相关的熵。出现这种熵增加的原因是，不集中的太阳能电池通常会散发出2n球面弧度，而太阳对光的立体角仅为6.85×10〜（-5）球面弧度。因此，对于直接的正常辐照度，发射和接受角限制在太阳周围狭窄范围内的非集中式太阳能电池可能会显着提高开路电压和效率。对于高度的光捕获，我们期望给定狭窄的接受角和射线光学亮度定理，对于大多数材料而言，最佳的像元厚度将导致离散的模态结构。因此，限制接受角和发射角可以被认为是仅耦合到辐射模式的一个子集，或者可替代地，被认为是改变模态结构，使得某些辐射模式成为束缚模式。通过使用模态公式推导在角度限制下进行光捕获的射线光学结果，我们已经显示了射线光学图像和模式图像之间的对应关系。使用这种模态公式，我们可以预测角度限制下各种薄结构的光捕获和效率。我们将讨论这些预测的效率以及实现宽带和特定于角度的耦合器的各种选择。

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