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High-efficiency free-form nonimaging condenser overcoming rotational symmetry limitations

机译：高效的自由形式非成像聚光镜克服了旋转对称性的局限性

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The importance of condenser optics is the fact that it is the bottleneck limiting efficiency in commercially available projection systems. Efficiency is a key parameter of projector performance, since it augments screen luminance, enabling the system to perform well under increasing levels of ambient light. Conventional condensers use rotational symmetric devices, most of them being elliptic or parabolic mirrors. They perform very far from the theoretical limits for sources such as arc lamps or halogen bulbs. Typical small displays in the 5-15 mm~2 etendue range have geometrical efficiencies about 40-50% for the best condensers; although theory allows about 100% (no reflection nor absorption losses are considered). The problem is in the coma aberration of the reflectors and the rotational symmetric image of the source making the source projected image to unfit with the target. Thus, the only way to improve this performance is to generate a free form design that is able to control the shape and rotation of the source projected images. As yet, this can only be done with the SMS3D design method. We present here one of such designs types achieving a collection efficiency that is 1.8 times that of an elliptical condenser for a 4:1 target aspect ratio and for the range of target etendue with practical interest and 1.5 for 16:9 target. These designs use only 1 additional reflection, i.e., use a total of 2 reflections from the source to the target. A prototype of one type of free form condenser has already been built.
机译：聚光镜的重要性在于，它是限制市售投影系统效率的瓶颈。效率是投影仪性能的关键参数，因为它可以增加屏幕亮度，从而使系统在环境光线增加的情况下也能正常工作。常规的聚光镜使用旋转对称设备，其中大多数是椭圆或抛物面镜。它们的性能远远超出了弧光灯或卤素灯泡等光源的理论极限。在5-15 mm〜2光学扩展量范围内的典型小型显示器，对于最佳冷凝器，其几何效率约为40-50％。尽管理论上允许约100％（不考虑反射或吸收损耗）。问题在于反射器的彗形像差和光源的旋转对称图像，使得光源投影图像与目标不匹配。因此，提高此性能的唯一方法是生成自由形式的设计，该设计能够控制源投影图像的形状和旋转。到目前为止，这只能通过SMS3D设计方法来完成。我们在这里介绍一种这样的设计类型，对于4：1的目标长宽比和实用的目标集光率范围，其收集效率是椭圆形冷凝器的1.8倍，对于16：9的目标，其收集效率为1.5。这些设计仅使用1次附加反射，即从源到目标总共使用2次反射。一种自由形式冷凝器的原型已经制造出来。

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